从内地到边郡—宋代扬州城市与经济研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 19:45

本文选题：宋代　切入点：扬州　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：扬州是长江下游以及大运河沿线的重要城市。唐、宋两个时期,扬州城市与区域经济的兴衰状况,形成较为明显的对照。宋代扬州的相对衰落,是唐宋之际以及两宋之际政治格局的变动所造成的,其中地理因素起着至为关键的作用。唐宋之际政局的变动,导致强化中央集权及消弱地方势力的需求不断增加。在这个过程中,地方政区的幅员往往呈缩小的趋势。宋代扬州的政区幅员与唐代扬州鼎盛时期相比,是后者西、北、东三面数个属县析出之后的剩余。政区幅员的缩小,消弱了宋代扬州城市与区域经济的地位。这种政区地理的变动,是比较唐宋两个时期的扬州一个不可忽视的内在因素。而两宋之际政治格局的变动,使得扬州从“内地”转变为“边郡”,成为当时南北政权对峙的前沿地带。这种军政地理格局的变动,相当程度上改变了扬州的城市属性以及区域的战略地位,使得南宋时期的扬州与北宋时期相比,经济社会呈现出相当不同的风貌。宋代扬州城市与经济的发展演变,就是在上述两个大的背景下进行的。就城市而言,北宋时期,对地方城池建设不甚措意,扬州城池沿袭着五代末期周小城的规模,并无大的更改。这与强化中央集权及消弱地方势力的总趋势是合拍的。南宋时期,扬州城池建设的次数与规模,都远远超过北宋时期,而孝宗朝的扬州修城举措最为突出,期间形成了宋代扬州的三城格局。这是南宋扬州城市属性以及战略地位的一种反映,同时也体现了南宋孝宗朝政治取向的特色,可视为“孝宗恢复”在地方社会的一种实际行动。就经济而言,宋代扬州虽然整体上较唐时的鼎盛为衰落,但在这种宏观认识之下,有三点需要特别注意:一、在两宋时期相对和平的环境里,扬州的经济呈逐步恢复与发展的态势。即便南宋时期扬州处在边境地带,其人口总数也仍然呈不断增长的趋势,甚至一度超过北宋时期的水平。这是扬州经济社会发展的一个重要表征。二、与扬州经济的相对衰落相对应,宋代真州经济地位的凸显,有一个历史的过程,并非一入宋便超过扬州,而且事实上也未取代扬州的经济地位。真州的前身只是扬州下辖的一个镇,其作为统县政区的存在,只是在宋真宗朝才最终定型。这种时间的区分,对于客观评估宋代扬州的经济状况,乃至于淮东整体的经济情状,都有实际的意义。三、南宋与北宋两个时期,扬州的军政地理环境发生重大的变化,这种变化影响到扬州经济社会的多个方面。若着眼于官方与民间的区分,则北宋扬州经济社会的发展,民间自由参与其中的程度要更高一些;南宋时期,官方调控扬州经济的举措更为频繁,而商人在扬州经济社会恢复与发展中的作用也更为引人注目。
[Abstract]:Yangzhou is an important city in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and along the Grand Canal. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the rise and fall of Yangzhou city and regional economy were in obvious contrast. The relative decline of Yangzhou in Song Dynasty, It was caused by the changes in the political structure during the Tang and Song dynasties, in which geographical factors played a crucial role. The demand for strengthening centralization and weakening local forces is increasing. In this process, the size of local administrative areas tends to shrink. Compared with the peak period of Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou was located in the west and north of the Song Dynasty. Several counties in the east were left behind. The shrinking size of the administrative areas weakened the position of the Yangzhou city and regional economy in the Song Dynasty. Is a comparison of the Tang and Song dynasties in Yangzhou, an internal factor that can not be ignored. And the changes in the political structure of the two Song dynasties, This changed Yangzhou from "inland" to "border county" and became the frontier of the confrontation between the North and the South at that time. This change in the military and political geography changed Yangzhou's urban attributes and the strategic position of the region to a considerable extent. Compared with the Northern Song Dynasty, Yangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty showed quite different styles and features. The development and evolution of the Yangzhou city and economy in the Song Dynasty were carried out under the above two big background. As far as the city is concerned, the Northern Song Dynasty, as far as the city is concerned, The city of Yangzhou followed the size of the small city of Zhou at the end of the five dynasties, and there was no great change. This was in keeping with the general trend of strengthening centralization and weakening local forces. In the Southern Song Dynasty, The number and scale of Yangzhou's urban construction far exceeded that of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Xiaozong dynasty's Yangzhou city construction was the most prominent one, which formed the three cities pattern of Yangzhou in Song Dynasty. This is a reflection of Yangzhou's urban attribute and strategic position in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the same time, it also reflects the characteristics of the political orientation of the Xiao Zong dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty, and can be regarded as a practical action of "Xiao Zong Restoration" in the local society. As far as the economy is concerned, Yangzhou in the Song Dynasty as a whole was in decline compared with the peak in the Tang Dynasty, but under this kind of macroscopic understanding, There are three points to pay special attention to: first, in the relatively peaceful environment of the two Song dynasties, Yangzhou's economy was gradually recovering and developing. Even if Yangzhou was in the border area during the Southern Song Dynasty, its total population still showed a growing trend. This is an important symbol of Yangzhou's economic and social development. Second, in response to the relative decline of Yangzhou's economy, there was a historical process of highlighting the economic status of Zhenzhou in the Song Dynasty. In fact, the economic status of Yangzhou was not replaced by that of Yangzhou. The predecessor of Zhenzhou was only a town under Yangzhou's jurisdiction. It was only in the Song Dynasty that its existence as the administrative district of county and government was finalized in the Song Dynasty. It is of practical significance to objectively assess the economic situation of Yangzhou in the Song Dynasty and even the overall economic situation in Huaidong. Thirdly, during the Southern and Northern Song dynasties, the military and political geographical environment of Yangzhou underwent major changes. This change affects many aspects of Yangzhou's economy and society. If we focus on the distinction between government and folk, the development of Yangzhou's economy and society in Northern Song Dynasty and the free participation of folk in it will be higher. The official regulation of Yangzhou's economy is more frequent, and the role of businessmen in Yangzhou's economic and social recovery and development is more noticeable.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K244

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