明代官员“忠”谥考论

发布时间：2018-03-05 00:13

本文选题：忠　切入点：谥号　出处：《求是学刊》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在明洪武至崇祯朝,可得确证谥"忠"官员共计121人。赞襄军务,以至殁于战阵,敢于谏诤,甚至不惜以死感动君心,这构成官员获"忠"谥的最主要缘由,亦为"忠"之精神的主要表现形式。愈近晚明,明人以谏为忠的观念愈发清晰。同时,亦有部分官员因君臣关系相得而获"忠"谥,相对战与谏而言,其谥"忠"缘由较为模糊,君主的个人意愿在其中发挥了较为重要的作用。在明人的观念中,"忠"指向官员不惜牺牲生命以坚守政治原则的行为取向,臣这一政治角色确有忠君之内涵,然其旨归不限于对君主个人意愿的服从。"忠"被视为臣道的一种理想境界,构成官员在政治道德层面的自励目标。"忠"谥则将这种境界聚焦于可供效仿之典范人物的言行,既是"忠"之精神的表征,又构成一种促动官员尽忠的外部激励手段。
[Abstract]:In the Ming Hongwu and Chongzhen dynasties, it was confirmed that the posthumous title of "loyal" officials totalled 121. They even died in war, dared to admonish them, and even moved their hearts with death. This constituted the most important reason for officials to gain "loyalty" posthumous title. It is also the main manifestation of the spirit of "loyalty". The more recent the Ming Dynasty, the clearer the concept of "loyalty" in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, some officials have gained the posthumous title of "loyalty" as a result of the relationship between monarch and minister, relative to war and admonition. The reason for his loyalty is rather vague, in which the monarch's personal will plays a more important role. In the concept of Ming people, "loyalty" refers to the behavior orientation of officials who do not hesitate to sacrifice their lives in order to adhere to political principles. The political role of the minister has the connotation of loyalty to the monarch, but its purport is not limited to obedience to the monarch's personal will. "loyalty" is regarded as an ideal realm of the courtiers' path. "loyalty" posthumously focuses on the words and deeds of exemplary figures to be emulated, which is not only a representation of the spirit of "loyalty", but also an external incentive means to motivate officials to fulfill their loyalty.
【作者单位】：吉林大学文学院中国史系;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金第52批面上资助项目“君臣冲突与明代政治文化研究”,项目编号:2012M520664 吉林大学基本科研业务费种子基金项目“明代君臣冲突与士大夫政治研究”,项目编号:450060482350;“政治批评与明代政治文化研究”,项目编号:2013ZZ036
【分类号】：K248

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