论汉灵帝时代

发布时间：2018-03-22 02:26

本文选题：汉灵帝　切入点：侍中寺　出处：《华东师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 东汉末年是中国古代社会大变动、大变革的前夜，，魏晋以降的很多新思潮、新风尚都萌芽于这个时期。自和帝始，豪族大姓势力不断膨胀，外戚宦官交替执政，东汉王朝的统治逐步走向衰微，危机四伏。自建宁元年(168年)即位到中平六年(189年)，汉灵帝在位22年。其在位期间，宦官势力发展到顶点，朝政异常昏暗，后期军阀割据局面逐渐形成，西北羌族、鲜卑、乌桓以及西南边疆各少数民族不断反叛，中平元年(184年)爆发的黄巾大起义给奄奄一息的东汉王朝再一次重创。不过灵帝并不甘于成为一个末世之君，他采取了诸多措施试图挽救王朝。本文第一章介绍了灵帝即位之前东汉的政治经济形势，指出当时东汉王朝面临着外忧内患的严重局面。统治阶级内部外戚宦官交替执政，奢侈之风盛行，边疆极不稳固，少数民族反叛不断，同时农民起义风起云涌，更是加深了统治危机。这一时期又是自然灾害的多发阶段，这对东汉中后期的经济状况造成很大的影响。第二章主要探讨了灵帝朝在政治方面的改革，以及这些改革措施在当时起到的作用和对后世的影响，其中包括设置“侍中寺”，实行“三互法”，镌刻“熹平石经”，创立“鸿都门学”。这些改革旨在整顿吏治，新辟取士途径，但并没有取得预期的效果。第三章从灵帝时期一个重要的事件“卖官”来看灵帝朝的财政措施。买卖官爵并非始于灵帝，却在这一时期达到空前规模，这与当时特定的政治经济状况分不开，并不能仅仅归咎于灵帝或者宦官的个人品质。这样大规模的卖官其后果是严重的，它大大加快了东汉王朝走向灭亡的步伐。第四章为全文的结语部分，就本文研究所得作了概括，并就汉灵帝时代对后世的影响作了简要的论析。本文对灵帝统治时期在政治、经济、文化等各方面的举措进行了探讨，旨在寻觅魏晋时期政治制度、社会思想诸领域所发生的若干重大变化的源头。如果能达到预期的目的，相信对深入理解汉魏之际的变化不无裨益。
[Abstract]:The last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty was a great change in the ancient Chinese society. On the eve of the great change, many new trends of thought and new fashions of the Wei and Jin dynasties sprang up in this period. From the first year of Jianning (168) to the sixth year of Zhongping (1899), Han Ling reigned 22 years. During his reign, the eunuchs developed to the summit, and the government was exceptionally dark. In the late period, the situation of warlordism gradually formed, and the Qiang nationality, Xianbei nationality, Wuhuan and the minority nationalities in the southwest border area rebelled constantly. The Yellow towel uprising that broke out in Zhongping's first year (184) was another blow to the dying Eastern Han Dynasty. But the Emperor was not willing to be a late emperor, and he took steps to try to save the dynasty. The first chapter introduces the political and economic situation of the Eastern Han Dynasty before the reign of the Emperor Ling, and points out that the Eastern Han Dynasty was faced with a serious situation of external worries and internal troubles at that time. At the same time, the peasant uprisings intensified the ruling crisis. This period was also a period of natural disasters, which had a great impact on the economic situation of the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. The second chapter mainly discusses the political reform of the Lingdi Dynasty, as well as the role of these reform measures at that time and the impact on later generations. It includes setting up "Shizhong Temple", carrying out "three mutual laws", engraving "Xi Ping Shi Jing", and establishing "Hongdu Menxue". These reforms are aimed at rectifying the administration of officials and opening up new ways of obtaining scholars, but they have not achieved the expected results. The third chapter looks at the financial measures of the Lingdi Dynasty from the perspective of an important event in the Lingdi period, "selling officials". The purchase and sale of official barons did not start with the emperor, but they reached an unprecedented scale during this period, which was inseparable from the specific political and economic conditions at that time. It is not only the personal qualities of the gods or eunuchs that can be blamed. The consequences of selling officials on such a large scale are serious, which greatly accelerated the death of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this paper, and briefly analyzes the influence of Emperor Han Dynasty on later generations. This paper probes into the political, economic and cultural measures taken during the reign of the Emperor in order to find the source of some major changes in the political system and social ideology in the Wei and Jin dynasties. I believe that in-depth understanding of the time of the Han and Wei changes is not unhelpful.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K234.2

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