巫觋与宋代社会

发布时间：2018-03-27 16:31

本文选题：巫觋　切入点：宋代　出处：《浙江大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】： 巫觋群体是中国社会中一个特殊社会群体，它不仅有着源远流长的发展史，而且在夏、商、西周三代还有过一段相当辉煌的历史。春秋战国时代的社会大变动，宣告了中国古代巫觋兴盛历史的终结，揭开了他们衰落历史的序幕。自此后，中国古代巫觋踏上其曲折衰落的历程，经汉唐而至宋代，进入了一个新的转折点。长期以来，学术界关于中国巫觋史的研究，大都偏重于先秦和两汉时期，而对于两汉以后的巫觋发展史，不论是纵向发展阶段的考察还是横向存在状况的剖析，都较为欠缺。为此，本文以宋代为坐标，除绪言外分为六章，从纵横两个方面展开讨论。主要内容如下：第一章：从纵向上对巫觋在宋代以前(春秋战国～隋唐)的发展历程作了概略性的考察，勾勒了其大体发展轨迹。并认为，春秋战国以降，中国古代巫觋虽然总体表现为日渐衰落之势，但这种衰落并非呈直线而是曲线型的，如其中的两汉、隋唐便是对前代的反复。填补了前人研究之不足，似有一定价值。第二、三章：主要针对宋代巫觋群体本身展开考察讨论。具体从入巫途径、生存方式、社会地位、各种职事以及欺诈手段等几个方面，对宋代巫觋群体本身作了全方位考察分析，试图揭示这个群体在宋代的时代风貌。第二章立意较新，但缘于相关史料的不足，稍显单薄。第四、五章：主要从宋代巫觋群体对社会的影响的角度展开考察分析。首先，从巫觋群体在全国不同地理空间上、不同社会阶层中的活动情况，评估其在影响面；其次，从巫觋群体与僧、道的对比中评估其影响力；再次，通过对巫医活动的详细考察，揭示了巫觋群体对社会的影响更趋消极的变化趋势；最后，从对巫觋与社会“叛乱”的关系讨论中，揭示了他们仍有一定的影响力。最终揭示了一个宋代巫觋群体不论从影响面还是影响力上都较前代有所下降，并因其消极方面的更趋凸显而加剧了与社会冲突的事实。第六章：主要从宋代社会对巫觋的影响的角度展开讨论分析。对宋代士绅、政府的抑巫、禁巫活动作了较为全面的考察，，着重探讨了宋代政府“上下互动”、“禁治并举”的特点，揭示了宋代社会的大力抑巫在中国古代巫觋发展史上的重要意义。这一问题前人尽管多有论述，但自认为有所提升。全文力图通过纵横两方面的考察讨论，揭示中国古代巫觋的发展变迁趋势以及宋代巫觋与社会的关系状况，并进而对宋代在中国古代巫觋发展史上的地位作出评估。
[Abstract]:Wizard group is a special social group in Chinese society. It not only has a long history of development, but also has a glorious history in summer, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties. From then on, the ancient Chinese wizard set foot on its tortuous course of decline, and entered a new turning point through Han, Tang and Song dynasties. The academic research on the history of wizard in China is mostly focused on the period of Pre-Qin and the Han Dynasty, but the history of the development of wizard after the Han Dynasty, whether it is the investigation of the longitudinal development stage or the analysis of the horizontal existence situation, is relatively lacking. In this paper, the Song Dynasty as the coordinate, in addition to the introduction is divided into six chapters, from the vertical and horizontal aspects of the discussion. The main contents are as follows:. Chapter one: the author makes a brief survey on the development course of wizard before Song Dynasty (Spring Autumn and warring States period to Sui and Tang Dynasty), outlines its general development track, and thinks that the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period will fall. Although the Chinese ancient wizard showed the tendency of declining day by day, the decline was not straight line but curve. For example, in the Han Dynasty, Sui and Tang dynasties were the repetition of the previous generation, which filled up the deficiency of previous studies and seemed to have some value. Chapter two, chapter three: mainly focusing on the investigation and discussion of the wizards themselves in the Song Dynasty. From the aspects of the ways of entering the witchcraft, the way of existence, the social status, the various kinds of official affairs and the means of fraud, etc., The author makes an omni-directional investigation and analysis on the group of wizards in the Song Dynasty, and tries to reveal the style and features of the group in the Song Dynasty. The second chapter is relatively new, but because of the shortage of relevant historical data, it is a little thin. The fourth and fifth chapters: mainly from the Song Dynasty witch group's influence angle to the society carries on the investigation and analysis. First, from the witchcraft group in the national different geographical space, the different social stratum activity situation, appraises it in the influence surface; secondly, From the comparison of wizard groups and monks, Taoism to evaluate its influence; thirdly, through the detailed investigation of the activities of witch doctors, it reveals the negative trend of the influence of wizard groups on the society; finally, From the discussion of the relationship between wizards and social "rebellion", it is revealed that they still have some influence. Finally, it is revealed that a group of wizards in Song Dynasty has declined both in terms of influence and influence. And because of its negative aspects more prominent and exacerbated the fact of social conflict. Chapter six: from the angle of the influence of the society of the Song Dynasty on the wizard, the author makes a comprehensive investigation on the activities of the gentry, the government and the prohibition of witchcraft in the Song Dynasty, and probes into the characteristics of the "interaction between the upper and lower levels" and the "combination of prohibition and administration". It reveals the important significance of the vigorous suppression of witchcraft in the history of the ancient Chinese wizard in the Song Dynasty. This paper tries to reveal the trend of development and change of ancient Chinese wizard and the relationship between the wizard and society through the investigation and discussion of vertical and horizontal aspects, and then evaluates the position of Song Dynasty in the history of the development of Chinese ancient wizard.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K244

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