唐代的社会救济政策探析

发布时间：2018-03-28 05:14

本文选题：社会救济　切入点：思想基础　出处：《山东师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 唐代是我国古代社会发展的“黄金时代”,是我国封建社会的鼎盛时期,其社会救济活动已经颇具规模,不仅表现为官方的救济政策,还出现了民间的“社邑”互助组织以及佛教寺院的慈善行为,实施效果较为显著。本文主要通过六个部分来探讨唐代政府实行的社会救济政策。第一部分重点探讨了唐代社会救济政策的思想基础,从思想根源上追寻唐代社会救济政策实施的原因。唐代实行的社会救济政策,在很大程度上是受先秦时期的民本思想、儒家的仁义学说、佛教的慈悲观念和贞观统治集团的民本思想的影响。第二部分论述了唐代对灾民的社会救济政策。在自然灾害史上,唐代是多种自然灾害并发的时代,频繁的自然灾害不仅会给民众的生产和生活带来巨大的破坏,也会导致社会秩序的混乱。因此,唐代帝王为维护自己的统治地位,在风调雨顺时,大力发展农业生产,建立仓储制度,未雨绸缪;在灾害发生时,采取一系列的救济措施,赈济灾民;在灾害过后,要求当地政府督促灾民恢复生产,并减免他们的赋役,安顿灾民。第三部分探讨了唐代对老人的社会救济政策。衰老是每个人都无法避免的规律,也是每个朝代都无法回避的现实,因此对老人的优待和抚恤也成为历代王朝实施社会救济政策的重要方面之一。本文所写的对老人的社会救济政策,主要有两个方面的含义:首先,它主要是指一种礼制,是唐代政府为敬老而专门举行的一些礼仪活动;其次,它还是平时由国家出面,供给高龄老人衣食,照料其生活的一些政策。第四部分主要分析了唐代对鳏寡孤独的社会救济政策。首先,对鳏寡孤独者的年龄和标准加以界定。其次,重点探讨唐政府对鳏寡孤独者的社会救济措施,如物质赏赐、赋役减免、医疗丧葬救济等。第五部分主要探讨唐代对残疾者的社会救济政策。首先,论述了唐代残疾者的标准和有关法律规定。其次,重点论述唐政府对残疾者的社会救济政策,如物质赏赐、减免赋役、对笃疾者配侍丁等。第六部分主要探讨了唐代对军人及其家属的社会救济政策。首先,对唐代的兵役制度做了一下简单的介绍,指出了在唐代,无论是府兵制还是募兵制,从军者及其家属的生活都十分艰辛。其次,重点探讨了唐代对军人及其家属的社会救济政策,如实物救济、田制优待、赋役宽免、医疗和丧葬救济。总之,总结唐代的社会救济经验,不仅有益于深入了解唐代社会经济空前发展的原因,亦可对宋、元、明、清和近现代的社会救济活动追本溯源,同时还可以为现阶段的社会救济和社会保障事业提供有益的借鉴和参考。
[Abstract]:The Tang Dynasty was the "golden age" of the development of ancient Chinese society and the peak of the feudal society of our country. The social relief activities of the Tang Dynasty had already taken shape on a considerable scale, not only in the form of official relief policies. There also appeared the folk mutual aid organizations and the charitable behavior of Buddhist monasteries. This paper mainly discusses the social relief policy of the Tang Dynasty government through six parts. The first part focuses on the ideological basis of the social relief policy in the Tang Dynasty and explores the reasons for the implementation of the social relief policy in the Tang Dynasty from the ideological origin. The social relief policy implemented in the Tang Dynasty is to a large extent the people-oriented thought of the pre-Qin period. The Confucian doctrine of benevolence and righteousness, the Buddhist concept of compassion and the influence of the people-oriented thought of the ruling group of virginity. The second part discusses the social relief policy of the Tang Dynasty to the disaster victims. In the history of natural disasters, the Tang Dynasty is an era of multiple natural disasters, frequent natural disasters will not only bring huge damage to the production and life of the people. Therefore, in order to maintain their dominant position, the Tang Dynasty emperors vigorously developed agricultural production, set up warehousing systems, and made preparations in advance in order to maintain their dominant position. In the event of disasters, they took a series of relief measures. After the disaster, ask the local government to urge the victims to resume production and reduce their duty to settle the victims. The third part discusses the social relief policy of the Tang Dynasty to the elderly. Aging is an unavoidable rule for everyone and a reality that every dynasty cannot avoid. Therefore, preferential treatment and pension for the elderly have also become one of the important aspects of social relief policy in the past dynasties. The social relief policy written in this paper has two main meanings: first, it mainly refers to a ritual system. The government of the Tang Dynasty specially held some ceremonial activities for respecting the elderly. Secondly, it was also a policy of providing food and clothing for the elderly and taking care of their life in peacetime by the state. The fourth part mainly analyzes the social relief policy of widower loneliness in Tang Dynasty. Firstly, it defines the age and standard of widower loneliness. Secondly, it focuses on the social relief measures, such as material reward. Tax relief, medical funeral relief, etc. The fifth part mainly discusses the social relief policy of the Tang Dynasty to the disabled. Firstly, it discusses the standards and relevant legal provisions of the disabled in the Tang Dynasty. Secondly, it focuses on the social relief policy of the Tang government to the disabled, such as material reward. Reduction of duty, to the Benedictine, and so on. The sixth part mainly discusses the social relief policy of the Tang Dynasty to the servicemen and their families. First of all, it makes a brief introduction to the military service system of the Tang Dynasty, and points out that in the Tang Dynasty, whether it is the military service system or the recruitment system, Secondly, the social relief policy of the Tang Dynasty to the servicemen and their families is discussed, such as the material relief, the preferential treatment of farmland system, the relief of duty, medical treatment and funeral relief. In short, summing up the experience of social relief in the Tang Dynasty is not only beneficial to the in-depth understanding of the reasons for the unprecedented development of the social economy in the Tang Dynasty, but also traces back to the source of the social relief activities of the Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and modern times. At the same time, it can also provide useful reference for the social relief and social security at the present stage.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K242

【引证文献】