文化的遗留和变异——战国监察制度分析

发布时间：2018-04-01 21:42

本文选题：监察制度　切入点：战国　出处：《陕西师范大学》2000年硕士论文

【摘要】：绵延二千余年的中国监察制度，是我们的祖先为人类留下的巨大文化财富。研究这一世界公认的宝贵文化遗产，不仅对挖掘、发扬中华传统文化有重大意义，而且对建设和完善社会主义监察制度也有深刻影响。由于中国监察制度历史悠久，体系完备，内容丰富并在古代政治活动中发挥过巨大作用，早在二十世纪二、三十年代，已有学者开始了对它的研究，并出版了一些著作。但建国以后，监察制度曾经一度成了被遗忘的角落，几至于无人问津。八十年代已来，随着政治体制改革的逐步深化，社会主义民主和法制建设越来越受到政府和人民的重视，于是对监察制度的研究再次受到关注。不仅许多关于政治史、法律史等著作中，都涉及到监察制度，而且专门论述监察制度的著作也相继出版，同时在各种学术刊物上发表的论文已超过了二百篇。遗憾的是由于种种原因，在监察制度的研究探索中存在着这样那样的问题，如许多学者认为中国监察制度形成于秦汉时期，以致于对先秦时期事实上已经客观存在的监察制度认识不足；有的学者虽然承认战国时期已有监察制度，却又仅仅局限于监察内容的一个方面——御史监察制度，而对构成监察制度的其它要素视而不见；由于上述局限，对战国之前已经存在的监察制度更是缺乏研究。因此，本文的目的，首先是力求还原历史本来面目，通过对战国监察制度构成要素的分析，从文化的遗留规律挖掘战国监察制度的渊源并通过对战国监察制度构成要素的变异部分的分析，揭示战国时期监察制度演变的规律和原因，同时使我们对当时的社会状况也有更为清晰的认识。通过探索使我们进一步认识到中华传统文化的重要组成部分——监察制度的悠久历史，这是值得我们自豪的地方；同时，只有对监察制度的内容和运行 ·且规律有了全面的、清楚的认识，我们才能了解监察制度的创设和运用，在当时的历史条件下，在调节和制衡国家政权部门之间关系，提高行政机构的工作效率，“ 惩治违法乱纪的官吏，肃清政府机构的腐败，保证政局稳定，巩固统治秩序等方面的重要作用。这就要求我们在研究监察制度时，必须把它置于当时的社会环 ‘境中加以考察，只有这样，才能真正了解这种制度在当时社会发展问题上，起了阻碍作用还是推动作用，在此基础上加以鉴别，决定取舍，从而做到真正的批判继承，使之对我们今天正在进行的社会主义监察制度的建设和完善提供有益的惜鉴。我们研究一个文化、一种制度的目的，决不能仅仅局限于其本身。我们的目的是了解它在整个文化系统中是如何运作的，它对其它文化要索以及对猴个文化系统有什么影响。反过来，也要研究整个系统对一种文化或许多文化形成、变化的影响，并从中找出规律性的东西，服务于我们今天的社会。尽管人类许多文化起源已无法考察，但探清一种文化的源流，肿于找们认识文化发展的真实性，力求还历史一个真实的面目有极为重要的怠义。而梁做到这一点，则必须学会利用遗国和变异两种文化要索。无论如何，借鉴或棋仿一种已有的制度都比创立一种新制度要容易得多，尤其是这种制度已被前代杜会证明是行之有效的制度的时候，这些制度便得以继承遗传下来；同时，我们也不能忽视变异，因为从其自身所发生的变化上，我们可以发现促使它们变化的许多社会因素，，从而可以更多地了解当时社会的情况。
[Abstract]:China ' s supervision system for more than two thousand years is the great cultural wealth that our ancestors left for mankind

Rich in the study of the world ' s recognized precious cultural heritage , not only for mining , but also for the Chinese traditional culture

It is of great significance , and also has profound influence on the construction and improvement of the socialist supervision system .

Due to the long history of China ' s supervision system , the system is complete , the content is rich , and in ancient political activities

As early as the 1920s and 1930s , scholars have begun to study it ,

But after the founding of the People ' s Republic of China , the supervisory system once became a forgotten corner , as far as none

The 1980 s have come , with the deepening of the reform of the political system , the socialist democracy and the rule of law

Construction is becoming more and more important to the government and the people , so the research on the supervision system is again concerned .

In many works , such as political history , history of law , the supervisory system is concerned , and the supervision system is discussed .

More than 200 papers have been published in various academic journals .

However , for various reasons , there are such problems in the research and exploration of the supervision system , such as the promise

Many scholars think that the Chinese supervisory system is formed in the Qin and Han period , so that it is in fact already objective to the pre - Qin period

( a ) Insufficient awareness of the existence of the monitoring system ;
Some scholars , while recognizing the existence of the supervisory system in the Warring States Period , only

Only one aspect of the supervisory content _ defence history monitoring system , but other aspects of the system of supervision

It ' s not a blind eye .
Due to the above - mentioned limitations , there is a lack of research on the monitoring system already existed before the Warring States .

Therefore , the purpose of this paper is to try to restore the historical origin and to make up the monitoring system of the Warring States .

In the analysis of the elements , the origin of the Warring States Monitoring System is excavated from the left law of culture and through the supervision system of the Warring States .

The analysis of the variation of the constituent elements reveals the rules and causes of the evolution of the surveillance system during the Warring States Period . At the same time ,

We also have a clearer understanding of the social situation at that time .

Through exploration , we further recognize the important part of Chinese traditional culture _ supervision system

The long history of degrees is a place to be proud of ;
At the same time , only the content and operation of the supervision system

路 & nbsp ; & nbsp ; & nbsp

The law has a comprehensive and clear understanding that we can understand the creation and use of the monitoring system , at that time

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K231

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