重评清初“驱棚”——兼论运用地方性史料对清史研究的检讨

发布时间：2018-04-08 21:10

本文选题：三藩叛乱　切入点：袁州府　出处：《社会科学》2013年05期

【摘要】：康、雍时期,江西土著居民屡将"棚民"整体"盗贼化",多引证康熙平定"三藩"期间在袁州府成功"驱棚"之故事。袁州府成功"驱棚",可能是康熙年间大规模驱赶移民的唯一事例,有其独特的时代背景和操作条件。从康熙十三年开始,吴三桂叛军与清军在江西拉锯争战多年,袁州地方社会的族群矛盾被大规模激化,以闽籍移民为主体的"棚民"参加了叛军,此地再次沦为战乱重灾区。到康熙十七年初,控扼要道的袁州府之安危,决定着清军入湘平叛的成败。此时动用军队驱逐"附逆"的"棚民"势在必行,体现了一种军事打击而不是民事行为。因此以往史论中既全面肯定康熙平定"三藩",却又对清军"驱棚"加以非议,显然自相矛盾,应予深入讨论和重新评价。相关著述引用清中后期修成的方志论述清初移民和"驱棚"事件,留下不少以讹传讹的问题,值得深思和警觉。学者应跳出传统"农民战争"研究的视角,对土著民众的苦难遭遇及利益诉求予以理解和重视,进而将不同地区的"三藩"战事考察,从单纯的政治史、军事史,深化为一部有血有肉的明末清初区域社会生活变迁史。
[Abstract]:During the period of Kang, Yong, the aborigines of Jiangxi repeatedly "burgled" the whole "greenhouse", citing the story of Kangxi's successful "driving shed" during the period of "three vassals".The successful exorcism of the shed by Yuan Zhou was probably the only example of mass expulsion of immigrants during Kangxi period, with its unique background and operating conditions.Since Kangxi began 13 years ago, Wu Sangui rebels and Qing army fought in Jiangxi for many years, and the ethnic contradiction of local society in Yuan Zhou was intensified on a large scale, and the "shangmin", with Fujian immigrants as the main body, joined the rebels, and the area was once again reduced to a war-torn disaster area.By the beginning of Kangxi 17, the security of the capital of Yuan Zhou decided the success or failure of the Qing army in fighting the rebellion in Hunan.At this time, it is imperative to use the army to expel the renegade people, which reflects a kind of military strike rather than a civilian action.Therefore, the historical theory in the past not only affirmed that Kangxi calmed down the "three vassals", but also criticized the Qing army for "driving out the shed", which obviously contradicted itself and should be thoroughly discussed and reevaluated.The related works cite the local chronicles revised in the middle and late Qing Dynasty to expound the emigration and the "exorcising shed" events in the early Qing Dynasty, leaving a lot of erroneous questions, which is worth pondering and vigilance.Scholars should jump out of the traditional "peasant war" perspective, understand and attach importance to the suffering and interests of the indigenous people, and then examine the "three vassal" wars in different regions from a simple political history and a military history.Deepening into a flesh-and-blood history of regional social life changes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
【作者单位】：江西师范大学区域社会研究资料中心;
【基金】：香港特别行政区大学教育资助委员会卓越学科领域计划项目“中国社会的历史人类学研究”(项目批准号:AOE/H—01/08)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K249

【相似文献】