清前期贵州裁撤卫所后的屯田处置

发布时间：2018-04-12 14:09

本文选题：清前期 + 贵州　；参考：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年03期

【摘要】：自顺治十八年(1661年)底始,清政府陆续对贵州地区的卫所进行"州县化"裁撤归并。贵州卫所的裁撤,一方面促使军事卫所向地方府、州、县行政合流,从而影响了清代贵州行政区划的改制与重建;另一方面又涉及地方社会的诸多变动。在此过程中,屯田迁改、屯赋划一等问题的处置最为关键,体现出明清卫所民化问题的复杂性与深刻性。本文重点探讨清代贵州卫所裁撤后的屯田处置问题,并对卫所屯田的赋额变动、屯田买卖以及国家应对等相关问题进行论述。随着清代卫所屯田归并于州县,原本高额的屯赋却未能随着军田民地化的过程与地方州县赋税实现均等划一,屯赋数倍于民田科则的局面一直有所残存,屯田与民田、屯地与民地之间的差异引发的屯赋征收不合理成为困扰官民的一大难题。伴随着屯田买卖的出现与发展,虽然国家严厉禁止私下典售,但军屯土地私有逐步得到法律认可,屯田的真正"民化"之势已不可遏制。
[Abstract]:Since the end of Shunzhi eighteen years (1661), the Qing government successively abolished and merged the Guizhou Provincial Health Institute.On the one hand, the abolishment of Guizhou Health Institute, on the one hand, promoted the integration of military and health services to local governments, prefectures and counties, thus affecting the restructuring and reconstruction of Guizhou administrative divisions in the Qing Dynasty; on the other hand, it involved many changes in local society.In this process, the settlement of the problems, such as the relocation of farmland and the unification of Tun Fu, is the most critical one, which reflects the complexity and profundity of the issue of the protection of the people in the Ming and Qing dynasties.This paper focuses on the disposal of farming after the abolishment of Guizhou Wei in Qing Dynasty, and discusses the changes in the amount of the tax, the purchase and sale of the land and the national response and so on.In the Qing Dynasty, Wei-tuan was merged into the prefectures and counties, but the original high tun Fu failed to achieve the same level with the local state and county taxes in the process of army Tian Min's regionalization, and the situation of the Tun Fu was several times more than that of the folk fields, and the situation of the tun Tian and the civilian fields remained.The difference between land and land causes unreasonable collection of land tax, which puzzles the government and people.Along with the appearance and development of the trade in open fields, although the state strictly forbids the private sale of land, the private ownership of the land in Juntun is gradually recognized by law, and the trend of the real "nationalization" of Tuntian has been irresistible.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学清史所;
【分类号】：K249

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