清代湖南的矿业开发

发布时间：2018-04-26 05:26

本文选题：清代 + 湖南　；参考：《复旦大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】：本文对清代湖南矿业开发及其相关问题进行了讨论。主要内容包括矿业再度兴起的背景、矿业开发的分布与兴衰、矿业开发中的经营管理、冲突与调适、矿产品的产量、矿业开发对社会经济的影响,以及清末近代矿业的出现和发展。论文以详实的资料复原和讨论了康熙到同治年间,即传统矿业时期湖南矿业开发的分布与变迁。文中认为,当时铜铅锌锡等铸币原料矿的开发,存在着很大的地区差异,已经形成了以郴州、桂阳州为中心的三个层级的地区分布格局。其它矿产的开发,都有各自的集中地区,从而形成了全省矿业开发的综合地理格局, 其中,湘南以郴、桂二州为中心的多金属矿开发地区,是全省矿业最发达的地区。影响这种分布格局的因素有资源分布因素,也有社会文化和技术上的因素,而资源地指向性特征最为明显。这种分布格局,已经初步显示了现代湖南矿业开发格局的雏形,从一个方面说明了当时矿业开发的广度和深度。从康熙到同治年间, 各种矿产的开发经历了一个从兴起、到繁荣、衰落的过程,乾隆年间是矿业最兴盛的时期。其中,铸币原料矿业的兴衰轨迹最为清晰。影响矿业兴衰的因素既有制度上的原因,也有技术上的原因,而技术停滞是嘉庆初年铸币原料矿业衰落并且一蹶不振的主要原因。论文通过对矿业生产经营和管理的考察,认为清政府在矿业生产中施行了比较严密而灵活的政策,对矿业的控制非常严格。在这种情况下,各种违禁现象虽然存在,但是规模和影响不大。矿业政策在生产实践和矛盾冲突中不断得到调整, 反过来又指导和影响着矿业的开发。文中通过对几个冲突事件的剖析,更加验证了这种看法。在矿政的调整和实施过程中,民间以绅士为主导的反对开矿的力量起了重要的作用。文中还估算了铸币原料矿的产销量,认为湖南在清代全国鼓铸事业中占有重要的地位,仅次于云南。结合对矿业开发的影响的讨论,文中认为,湖南在鼓铸事业中的地位并不能代表其在全国的经济地位,矿业开发对地方经济的促进作用是有限的。矿业生产还对社会安定和社会风气、自然环境和后期开发造成了一定的影响。由于技术和开发规模落后,对环境的影响也局限在一定的范围内。 1895 年湖南矿务总局的成立是湖南矿业发展的转折点,标志着湖南近代矿业的出现。文中对清末湖南矿业的发展变迁和分布也作了详细的整理,认为近代湖南矿业的发展,尤其是锑矿业的出现和成就,再次确立了本省在全国矿业中的地位。由于技术和资金的不足、旧风气和旧观念的影响,湖南矿业从传统向近代的转型,是一个艰难的历程。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the development of the mining industry in the Qing Dynasty and its related problems . The main contents include the re - operation of mining industry .

The background of the rise , the distribution of the mining development and the rise and fall , the management , the conflict and the adjustment of the mining industry .

The production of products , the influence of mining development on the social economy , and the emergence and development of modern mining industry in the late Qing Dynasty .

On the basis of detailed information , the paper recovers and discusses the period of Emperor Kang Xi to Tongzhi , that is , the Hunan mining industry in the traditional mining period .

In this paper , the author holds that the development of the raw material ore such as Cu - Pb - Zn - Sn is very important .

The regional distribution pattern of three levels , which is centered at the state of Chacheng and Guilin , has been formed in the region .

The development of its mineral resources has its own concentrated areas , thus forming a comprehensive geographical pattern of mining development in the province .

It is the most developed region of the province ' s mining industry .

The factors that affect this distribution pattern are resource distribution factors , social culture and technical factors , and capital

The directivity characteristics of the source land are the most obvious . This distribution pattern has preliminarily shown the modern Hunan mining development grid

The embryonic form of the bureau , from one aspect , illustrates the breadth and depth of the mining development at that time . From the reign of Kang Xi to the same period of treatment ,

The development of various minerals has experienced a process of rising from rise to prosperity and decline , which is the most successful mining industry in the reign of the reign of the year

During the period of prosperity , the prosperity and decline of the raw material mining industry is the most clear . The factors that affect the rise and decline of the mining industry are as follows :

The reasons for the system are also technical reasons , and the stagnation of technology is the decline of the raw material mining industry in the first year of Jiaqing .

and the main reason for the failure .

Through the investigation of mining production and operation and management , this paper believes that the Qing government has put into effect in mining production .

The tight and flexible policy is very strict in the control of the mining industry . In this case , the various prohibited phenomena

however , that size and impact of the mining policy are not great , and the mining policy is continuously adjusted in the conflict of production practice and contradiction ,

In turn , it guides and affects the development of the mining industry . Through the analysis of several conflict events , it is more verified

In the course of the adjustment and implementation of the mine administration , the folk dominated by the gentlemen against the mining forces

plays an important role .

The article also estimates the production and sales of the raw material mines , and thinks that Hunan plays a heavy part in the national drum - casting industry in the Qing Dynasty

The position of Hunan is second only to Yunnan Province . In combination with the discussion on the influence of mining development , the paper holds that Hunan is in drum - casting .

The status of the cause cannot represent its economic status in the whole country , and the promotion of the mining development to the local economy

It is limited . The production of mining has also caused the social stability and social customs , the natural environment and the later development

Due to the backwardness of technology and development scale , the influence on the environment is limited to a certain extent .

The establishment of Hunan Provincial Mining Administration was a turning point of the development of mining industry in Hunan , which marked the modern mining industry in Hunan Province .

In the end of Qing Dynasty , the development and distribution of the mining industry in the late Qing Dynasty were also detailed , and it was concluded that the modern lake

The development of the South mining industry , especially the appearance and achievements of the antimony mining industry , once again established the province ' s land in the national mining industry

Bit . Due to the shortage of technology and funds , the influence of old wind and old ideas , Hunan mining industry moved from tradition to modern .

Transformation is a difficult journey .

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K249

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