宋代消费经济若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 14:14

本文选题：宋代 + 节日消费　；参考：《河北大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以马克思主义关于生产、分配、交换、消费等四个环节相互关系的理论为指导,着眼于消费在四个环节中的紧密关系,选取宋代经济史现有研究中人们关注较少的几个问题来作具体考察,以期探讨宋代社会消费状况、消费水平以及消费对宋代社会经济尤其是商品经济的发展所起的作用。宋代城市节日消费,主要以宋代两大都市汴京和临安为中心,兼及地方州县城市如成都、福州、苏州等,通过对宋代所过的节气性和季节性节日及其主要活动内容的考察,我们看到城市商业繁荣,节日气氛更加浓厚。同时自给自备的消费方式被打破,通过市场购买节日物品的因素增长,出现了一个繁荣的节日消费市场,市场化是宋代城市节日消费的最大特点。但节日消费相对集中且高于平时消费;不同地方由于地理环境、风俗习惯等的不同,其节日消费也表现出不同的特点。不同阶级或阶层由于政治地位、经济收入差别很大,节日消费丰俭也不同。此外宋代一些地方节日消费用酒存在着由官府规定数量、指定地点,进行配售,且往往销售一些劣质酒的强制消费。宋代肉类消费具有两大突出特点,一是地域性,即北方以羊肉消费为主;南方以猪肉、水产为主;宫廷肉类消费结构也随着宋室的南渡而呈现出羊肉消费逐渐减少,猪肉、水产消费逐渐增多的特点;野味类肉食消费也以南方较为突出。这是由畜牧业和养殖业的区域性特点所决定的;二是阶级性,主要表现为:羊肉主要为高官、贵族、富商等阶层的消费品,而且出现了极其奢侈、浪费的畸形消费现象;猪肉、水产在宋代的消费阶层广泛。猪肉真正成为了大众化肉食消费品。鱼在人们的饮食生活中也越发重要。这不仅因为宋室南迁导致生态环境因素变化,还因为中国社会经济重心转移到了这一地区所致。宋代水果生产遍布全国,出现了种植规模大,为出卖而生产、脱离农业的专业化、商品性特点,尤其是太湖流域的柑橘和福建的荔枝生产。同时鲜果保存及干果品制作多样而先进,水果贩运业兴盛,大量南方水果北运,使水果消费突破了地方性。水果用途广泛,丰富了饮食品种。城市里水果价格一般处于低于鱼肉而高于蔬菜这一水平,其消费阶层主要是中上层有稳定生活来源的城市居民,而质优量少价贵的水果是富贵阶层的消费品,一般居民水果消费主要用做祭祀的供品、馈送的礼品和招待亲朋的食品,同时水果的非商品性消费在农村或产地较为明显。
[Abstract]:This paper, based on the theory of the four links of Marx doctrine on production, distribution, exchange and consumption, focuses on the close relationship of consumption in the four links, and selects several problems in the current research of the economic history of the Song Dynasty to make a specific investigation in order to discuss the social consumption, consumption level and elimination of the Song Dynasty. The role played by fees in the development of social economy, especially commodity economy in Song Dynasty.
The city festival consumption in the Song Dynasty is mainly centered on the two metropolises of the Song Dynasty and Ling'an, as well as Chengdu, Fuzhou and Suzhou in the local state and County cities. Through the investigation of the throttle and seasonal festivals and the main activities of the Song Dynasty, we see the prosperity of the city business, the festive atmosphere is more strong. At the same time, the self supplied consumer side is given. There is a flourishing holiday consumption market, which is the biggest characteristic of the festival consumption in the Song Dynasty. However, the consumption of festivals is relatively concentrated and higher than that of ordinary consumption. The consumption of festivals in different places also shows different characteristics because of the different geographical environment, custom and habit. Because of the political status of different classes or classes, the economic income varies greatly, and the festival consumption is also different. In addition, some local festivals in the Song Dynasty are prescribed by the government, assigned to the place, and are often sold for the forced consumption of some inferior wine.
The meat consumption in the Song Dynasty has two prominent characteristics, one is regional, that is, in the north, mutton is the main consumption, and the south is mainly pork and aquatic products. The consumption structure of the court meat also shows a gradual decrease in the consumption of mutton, the increasing consumption of pork and aquatic products along with the South crossing of the Song Dynasty; the consumption of wild flavor meat is also more prominent in the south. It is determined by the regional characteristics of animal husbandry and aquaculture; two is class nature, mainly as follows: mutton is mainly the consumer goods of high officials, aristocrats, rich merchants and other strata, and there is an extremely extravagant, wasteful and deformed consumption phenomenon; pork and aquatic products are widely consumed in the Song Dynasty. Pork is truly the popular meat consumer goods. Fish are in people. It is also more important in our diet. This is not only because of the changes in the ecological environment, but also because of the shift of China's social and economic center of gravity to the region.
The fruit production of the Song Dynasty is all over the country. It has been planted in large scale and produced for sale. It is separated from the specialized and commercial characteristics of the agriculture, especially the citrus and Fujian litchi production in the Taihu basin. At the same time, the preservation of fresh fruit and the production of dry fruit are diverse and advanced, the fruit trafficking industry flourishing, a large number of Southern fruits are transported north, making the fruit consumption break through the ground Fruit is widely used and rich in the variety of food. The price of fruit in the city is generally lower than the level of fish meat and higher than the vegetable. Its consumption class is mainly the urban residents with a stable source of life in the middle and upper strata, while the high quality and less expensive fruit is the consumer goods of the rich and expensive class, and the general residents' fruit consumption is mainly used for sacrificial offerings. Products, gifts and hospitality for family and friends, while the non commodity consumption of fruits is more obvious in rural areas.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】