唐代妇女守节研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 06:25

本文选题：守节 + 妇女　；参考：《江西师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 唐朝是中国历史上政治文明、经济发展、文化繁荣、人性放达的历史时期。唐代妇女受传统礼制的约束较少,生活比较自由开放,突出表现之一就是“不守节”成为一种较为普遍的社会现象。长期以来,学术界沿袭宋明理学家的思维,基于唐代妇女贞节观念淡薄的认识,虽对这一时期妇女守节问题有所关注,然往往只是把她们的守节言行作为特例而已,本意仍在强调说明唐代妇女的普遍不守节。事实上,唐代妇女不守节现象虽然较多,但并不是社会的主流。有唐一代,无论是皇室妇女、官僚士大夫家庭的妇女还是普通民妇,绝大多数仍自觉自愿的守节,视守节为做女人之本与基本生活模式。文献资料中关于这一时期妇女守节的事例比比皆是,无论数量还是其感人事迹都压过了当时的“不守节”,形成了颇有时代气息的守节文化。唐代绝大多数妇女重视守节、践行守节,原因主要有:一是唐代仍是以男性为中心的社会,强化妇女守节正是维持这一社会秩序的重要基础。二是唐代女子教育比较发达,不少妇女深受儒家“节义”文化的影响。三是唐代门阀意识仍然在较大程度上维持,包括要求妇女守节的传统礼俗文化发挥着重要的影响和作用。四是统治者基于社会道德风尚与文化伦理提倡与鼓励守节。五是唐代妇女享有较多的经济权利,有一定的经济基础,大致能够保障她们守节的进行。六是唐代佛道盛行,宗教文化中有较为浓厚的守节思想,而当时妇女普遍信仰宗教。唐代妇女选择守节之地,视其家庭状况与个人具体情形而有所不同,一般居于夫家,也有的回到娘家,或者进入寺院道观等其他地方。从当时守节妇女守节地的选择可知,经济因素乃是妇女守节的最主要因素。守节是对妇女身心的巨大考验,唐代守节妇女大多过着清苦的生活,她们屏绝人事,不御铅华,或寂寞度日,或信仰宗教,追求着节操精神上的“满足”;她们要照顾老人,抚育子女,成为稳定家庭、促进社会经济文化发展的一支力量。唐代妇女守节不仅对妇女本身及其家庭,而且对当时国家、社会产生了相当的影响,甚至于影响了宋明理学的妇女意识。唐代妇女守节是唐代精神文明的表现与结果,极大地丰富了中国封建社会的妇女守节文化。
[Abstract]:The Tang Dynasty was a historical period of political civilization, economic development, cultural prosperity and human nature in Chinese history. Women in the Tang Dynasty were less restrained by the traditional ritual system, and their life was more free and open. One of the outstanding manifestations was that "unconformity" became a relatively common social phenomenon. For a long time, the academic circles have followed the thinking of Song Ming Neo-Confucianism, based on the weak understanding of the concept of chastity of women in the Tang Dynasty, although they have paid attention to the issue of keeping the chastity of women in this period, they often only take their words and deeds as a special case. The original intention is still emphasizing the general failure of women in the Tang Dynasty. In fact, although the phenomenon of non-observance of women in Tang Dynasty is more, it is not the mainstream of society. In the Tang Dynasty, whether they were royal women, bureaucrats or ordinary women, the vast majority of them were still willing to observe the festival and regard it as the basis for being a woman and the basic mode of life. In the literature, there are many examples of women's observance in this period. Both the quantity and the moving deeds outweigh the "unconformities" at that time, and form the culture of keeping the festival with the flavor of the times. The majority of women in Tang Dynasty attached great importance to the observance of the festival, the main reasons are: first, the Tang Dynasty is still a male-centered society, strengthening the observance of women is the important basis for maintaining this social order. Secondly, women's education in Tang Dynasty was more developed, and many women were deeply influenced by Confucian culture. Third, the consciousness of the door warlords in the Tang Dynasty is still maintained to a large extent, including the important influence and function of the traditional culture of etiquette and custom which requires women to observe their manners. Fourth, rulers based on social morality and cultural ethics to promote and encourage conservation. Fifth, Tang Dynasty women enjoy more economic rights, have a certain economic basis, roughly to ensure their observance of the festival. Sixth, Buddhism and Taoism prevailed in Tang Dynasty, and there was a strong idea of keeping festival in religious culture, while women generally believed in religion at that time. In the Tang Dynasty, the women chose the place to observe the festival, depending on their family status and individual specific situation, generally living in the husband's home, but also to return to their mother's home, or to enter the temple and other places. Economic factors are the most important factors of women's observance. The observance of the festival is a great test of women's bodies and minds. In the Tang Dynasty, most of the women who kept the festival lived a miserable life. They refused to take care of personnel, did not resist the lead, or lived alone, or believed in religion, and pursued spiritual "satisfaction" in morality; they had to take care of the elderly. Raise children, become a stable family, promote social economic and cultural development of a force. Women's observance in Tang Dynasty not only affected women themselves and their families, but also affected the society and society at that time, and even affected Song Ming's consciousness of women. The women's observance of the Tang Dynasty is the manifestation and result of the spiritual civilization of the Tang Dynasty, which greatly enriches the culture of women's observance in the feudal society of China.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K242

【相似文献】