被妖魔化的群体——清中期江南基层社会中的“刁生劣监”

发布时间：2018-05-05 06:10

本文选题：刁生劣监 + 官僚集团　；参考：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013年06期

【摘要】：历史叙事中的"刁生劣监"基本等同乡村恶棍,与其在实际生活中的作为有着较大的差别。朝廷和官员们对刁生劣监的叙述和评判,主要出于政治考量和利益因素。清王朝进入中期后,各种社会矛盾频发,不择手段地维护政权稳定,消灭具有社会动员能量的群体,是专制政权的头等大事。在涉及维稳这一核心利益时,中央政府不得不默许地方官员违反法制,侵害民众的合法权益。中央政府无法解决社会弊病和制造社会弊端的体制及腐败官员,只能打击这些弊病的揭露者和利用者。这种做法一方面进一步放任并激发了地方官员违法渔民的犯罪动机,更不利于清政权的稳定;另一方面,极大地削弱了中央政府的权威,败坏了法治,使道咸以后的最高统治者越来越被地方官员所藐视,为随时发生的政治动乱埋下了祸根。而当各种危机显露后,专制政府需要一个被妖魔化的群体,作为不良政体和执政无能的替罪羊,承担社会积弊的罪责,"刁生劣监"基本是由于这一目的而被塑造出来的。
[Abstract]:In historical narration, "Diao Sheng Bad" is basically equivalent to rural villain, which is quite different from its action in real life. The court and officials' narration and judgment of the bad prison were mainly due to political considerations and interest factors. After the Qing Dynasty entered the middle period, various kinds of social contradictions occurred frequently. It was the most important task of the autocratic regime to maintain the stability of the regime by any means and to eliminate the groups with social mobilization energy. When it comes to the core interest of maintaining stability, the central government has to tacitly allow local officials to violate the rule of law and infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the people. The central government cannot solve the social maladies and the institutions and corrupt officials that make them. It can only crack down on the disclosures and users of these maladies. This practice, on the one hand, further laissez-faire and incites the criminal motives of local officials and fishermen, and is even more detrimental to the stability of the Qing regime; on the other hand, it greatly weakens the authority of the central government and undermines the rule of law. The supreme rulers after Datham were more and more despised by local officials, laying the root of political turmoil at any time. When all kinds of crises are revealed, the autocratic government needs a demonized group, as a scapegoat for bad government and incompetent governance, to bear the blame for the accumulated malpractice of the society, and the "bad health supervision" is basically shaped for this purpose.
【作者单位】：南京大学中华民国史中心;
【基金】：江苏省高校哲学社会科学重点研究项目(2011ZDIXM014)
【分类号】：K249;D691

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