替天行道：先秦战争与古典政治正当性研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 23:11

本文选题：先秦 + 战争　；参考：《福建师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 替天行道是中国古代正当性战争概念。替天行道包含三个问题:谁来替天?何以知天?天道为何。由此,在中国古典的政治正当性问题中,正当性战争取决于战争行为执行者身位的正当性。在有道之世由天子来执行征伐,在无道之世,战争执行者可转化。西周由天子来执行,春秋之时有霸主执行、在后世,可有君子或者圣人,总之为得天命之人来执行,因此,天是执行正当性战争的最终依据。为民而战,也可使战争合理化,但最终的战争的正当性必须诉诸于天来完成。因为在中国古典政治中权力的来源不来自于民的同意,而是天与。义战是在战国之世形成一种正当性战争观念,这一观念不仅表现为诸子应对现实战争问题,而且除了对战争的道德评价以外,更重要的是能够以“义”通天。“义”不仅作为伦理范畴,“义”在诸子义战论说中展现为三个维度:其一为保民,其二为圣王之德,其三为以义通天。本文以“义”的深度诠释,即由宜(祭祀)——仪(秩序)——义(伦理)的形式变迁来对应天道的过程,即以“替天行道”的战争形式在古典历史文化世界中的展开,在历史与思想的双重互动之中,在天道的隐显之间,展现古代正当性战争之内涵。
[Abstract]:Acting for Heaven is the concept of legitimate war in ancient China. There are three questions to be asked: who will take the place of heaven? Why do you know the sky? What is heaven's way? Therefore, in Chinese classical political legitimacy, legitimate war depends on the legitimacy of the executor of war. In the world of youdao, the son of Heaven carries out the expedition. In the world without the Tao, the executor of the war can be transformed. The Western Zhou Dynasty was executed by the son of Heaven. In the Spring and Autumn period, there were overlords. In later generations, there could be gentlemen or saints. Fighting for the people also rationalizes the war, but the legitimacy of the final war must be made by heaven. Because the source of power in Chinese classical politics does not come from the consent of the people, but the nature and. In the warring States period, the righteous war formed a concept of legitimate war, which is not only reflected in how to deal with the real war, but also the moral evaluation of the war, and the more important thing is to be able to use "righteousness" to understand the whole sky. "righteousness" is not only an ethical category, but also shows three dimensions in the argument of the doctrine of righteousness by various scholars: one is to protect the people, the other is to protect the saintly Wang Zhide, and the third is to make justice through heaven. This paper interprets the process of "righteousness" in depth, that is, from the form of Yi (sacrificial worship) to righteousness (ethics) to correspond to the process of heavenly Tao, that is, to spread out in the world of classical history and culture with the war form of "acting for heaven". In the dual interaction of history and thought, the connotation of the ancient legitimate war is revealed between the hidden nature of the Tao.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K225

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