竞尚清雅：明代嘉万时期的书画消费

发布时间：2018-05-21 03:09

本文选题：嘉万时期 + 书画消费　；参考：《南京师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：奢侈消费和文化消费的勃兴是社会经济繁荣的外在体现之一。奢侈消费是消费闲暇与财富,文化消费是消费闲暇与知识。书画既可以体现休闲与夸示,又能彰显知识,是兼具两种消费特征的商品之一。嘉万时期既是明代经济的空前繁荣期,又是书画消费的一个高峰期。以《清明上河图》的消费个案为筏,本文对个案中凸显的问题逐一进行了分析。世风指一定时期内,人们思想观念和生活行为的普遍倾向。嘉万时期的世风主要是奢靡之风与长物之好,它们是社会经济发展的结果与反映,同时,又反作用于社会经济的方方面面。当时书画市场空前繁荣,世风的影响不容小觑。奢靡之风影响了消费观念,培育出庞大的消费群体,而长物之好则制造了消费需求,成为书画交易繁荣的直接原因。对于奢侈品消费而言,不同的消费空间不仅意味着不同的消费层次,也会影响到消费的方式。在摊肆这种消费空间中,很少有大宗的书画消费。对于消费者而言,他们更喜欢在自己的文房进行书画消费。在书画市场上活跃着为数众多的牙人。他们在买卖双方间往还穿梭,说合交易,促成消费,并从中牟利。他们的职能还包括鉴定与定价。他们的收入通常是书画交易额的十分之三。书画价格由作品创作年代的早晚、艺术价值的高低决定；受创作时间长短、尺幅大小或字数多少等因素影响。总体来看,绘画价格比书法价格高,创作年代越早价格越高,交易年代越晚价格越高。由于名家书画供不应求,不少文人也参与书画作伪,以射重利。文人作伪提高了赝品的质量,让书画藏家防不胜防。藉借书画消费,以士商为主体的有闲阶层既可以彰显清雅,又可以堂而皇之地夸示财富。他们“竞尚利名”的行为通过书画消费转变为“竞尚清雅”。
[Abstract]:The prosperity of luxury consumption and cultural consumption is one of the external manifestations of social and economic prosperity. Luxury consumption is consumption leisure and wealth, cultural consumption is consumption leisure and knowledge. Calligraphy and painting can not only reflect leisure and praise, but also show knowledge, is one of the two consumption characteristics. Jiawan period is not only an unprecedented boom period of Ming Dynasty economy, but also a peak period of painting and calligraphy consumption. On the basis of the consumption case of Ching Ming River, this paper analyzes the problems in the case one by one. World style refers to the general tendency of people's ideas and behaviors in a certain period of time. The world style of Jiawan period is mainly extravagant wind and good things, they are the result and reflection of social economic development, at the same time, they counteract all aspects of social economy. At that time the calligraphy and painting market unprecedented prosperity, the influence of the world style can not be underestimated. Extravagance influences the concept of consumption and cultivates a large group of consumers, while the good of long things creates consumer demand and becomes the direct reason for the prosperity of calligraphy and painting trade. For luxury consumption, different consumption space not only means different levels of consumption, but also affects the way of consumption. In this kind of consumption space, there is very little large amount of painting and calligraphy consumption. For consumers, they prefer to spend painting and calligraphy in their own library. In the painting and calligraphy market, there are a large number of teeth active. They shuttled back and forth between buyers and sellers, talking about deals, promoting consumption, and making money from it. Their functions also include identification and pricing. Their income is usually 3/10 of the value of painting and calligraphy transactions. The price of calligraphy and painting is determined by the time of creation and the value of art, which is influenced by the time of creation, the size of ruler or the number of words. Generally speaking, the price of painting is higher than that of calligraphy, the earlier the creation, the higher the price. Owing to the shortage of famous calligraphy and painting, many literati also participated in painting and calligraphy. Literati forgery improved the quality of fakes, so that calligraphy and painting collectors can not prevent. Through the consumption of calligraphy and painting, the idle class with scholar and merchant as the main body can not only show elegance, but also glorify wealth. Their behavior of "competing for fame and interest" was transformed into "competition and elegance" through painting and calligraphy consumption.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：J209.2;K248

【参考文献】