明末清初耶稣会传教士对中国祭礼问题的讨论

发布时间：2018-05-27 05:00

本文选题：明末清初 + 耶稣会士　；参考：《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年05期

【摘要】：明末清初,大批西方耶稣会士来华传教,期间多有关于中国祭祀礼仪问题的讨论。在这些讨论中,耶稣会士们主要关注中国的祭天、祭祖、祀孔、祭城隍,以及某些民间生活中的私人祭拜活动。他们对中国祭祀礼仪多以白描式的介绍为主,对制度化的国家祭礼则鲜有关注。其原因主要是,耶稣会士来华以传播教义、发展教徒为目的,国家祭祀礼仪与此相关度较小;耶稣会士们在中国国内政治文化事务中发言权较小,并主动避免参与可能跟天主教教义产生冲突的仪式活动;耶稣会士们只关注中国祭祀礼仪中可能涉及偶像崇拜仪式的内容,对其他无关偶像崇拜的祭祀礼仪则并不关心。欧洲来华耶稣会士对中国祭祀礼仪的态度也并非完全一致,其内部关于此问题的讨论和纷争一直持续到礼仪之争,并与其他反对耶稣会的天主教派别对中国祭祀礼仪的质疑相交织。这说明,持续百年的礼仪之争并非单纯由天主教内部的派别之争引起。中国本土奉教士大夫则能在天主教教义与中国祭祀礼仪之间找到契合点,并帮助西方耶稣会士向欧洲教廷介绍和解释中国祭祀礼仪的内涵,但对具有迷信色彩的民间信仰则亦主张摒弃。
[Abstract]:In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a large number of Western Jesuits came to China to preach. In these discussions, the Jesuits focused on the worship of Heaven, ancestors, Confucius, the City God, and some private activities in folk life in China. They mainly introduce the ritual of sacrifice in China, but pay little attention to the national ritual. The main reason is that the Jesuits came to China for the purpose of spreading their teachings and developing believers, and the state sacrificial rituals were of less relevance; the Jesuits had less say in China's domestic political and cultural affairs. The Jesuits only pay attention to the contents of the Chinese sacrificial rites which may involve idolatry rituals, but they do not care about other sacrificial rituals which have nothing to do with idolatry. The European Jesuits in China did not completely agree with each other on the ritual of sacrifice in China. Discussions and disputes on the issue within the Jesuits continued until the debate on etiquette. And intertwined with other anti-Jesuit Catholics to question the ritual of Chinese sacrifice. This suggests that the century-long debate over etiquette is not simply caused by sectarian strife within Catholicism. On the other hand, the local scholars and officials in China can find the connection between the Catholic doctrine and the Chinese sacrificial rites, and help the western Jesuits to introduce and explain the connotation of the Chinese sacrificial rites to the European Holy see. However, the superstitious folk belief is also advocated to abandon.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国礼制变迁及现代价值研究”(12&ZD134)
【分类号】：K248

【共引文献】