春秋战国时期楚国道家思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 06:26

本文选题：春秋 + 战国　；参考：《西北大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：自二十世纪八十年代末以来,关于道家思想的研究呈现出逐步升温的趋势,并于九十年代汇成一股道家研究的热潮。随着儒学研究的深入发展,人们逐渐发现,只限于儒学研究单一框架似乎难以真正解读中国传统文化与现代化的关系这一时代课题,儒、道、佛三家都是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,因此道家思想的研究也是至关重要。本文的研究视角定位为区域思想文化研究,研究方法上尝试对传世文献、地下文书和地下器物三方面的资料进行整合,试图通过对道家思想与春秋战国时期楚国关系的研究,整理出春秋战国时期道家思想在楚国传播、改造、转变的较为清晰的历史发展线索。围绕上述主题,文章主要进行了以下几个方面的研究: 1.从楚国思想文化传统看道家思想在楚国传播和改造的思想文化背景。班固在《汉书·艺文志》中“道者流,盖出史官”,这成为道家源流史官说的重要根据,而事实上楚国具有良好的“官学”背景以及孕育道家智慧的文化底蕴。楚国早期官学中鬻熊、倚相和观射父等对道家思想在楚国的传播和改造影响较大。道家思想与隐者生活密不可分,楚国亦形成隐者群落,从老子开始,春秋时楚国著名的隐士就有接舆、老莱子、范蠡等。道家思想在楚国的传播与改造离不开楚国思想文化传统的影响。 2.从研究道家学派中在楚国活动过的主要代表人物及其主要思想的传承关系出发,整理出春秋战国时期道家思想在楚国传播、改造、转变的较为清晰的历史发展线索。春秋时期由老子创立道家思想并由其弟子关尹等在楚国得以传播,关尹的思想主要表现在提出无居贵清论,对老子“无藏”和贵柔等思想的改造。春秋战国之际,经由老子的弟子庚桑楚和文子得到继承和发展,庚桑楚从最大程度上继承了老子的学说,而文子的思想却成为传统道家向黄老之学发展的重要转折点,他吸取儒学之善,丰富与发展了老子治世理论,并给予墨、法以启示。庄子作为战国时期道家思想的重要代表人物,思想博大精深,对楚国道家学说给予全面继承和发展。庄子在继承和改造传统道家思想的基础上,主张恬然无为、顺从天道、逍遥自由,其本质是人生哲学的反思,表现在对道家思想无有、养生、无为等思想的诠释与改造。战国中期,道家思想转变为黄老道家学说,这是封建制形成时期统治阶级内部政治分化在哲学上的表现。春秋末期至战国时期,在楚国产生了一批具有代表性的黄老思想著作,如《黄帝四经》、《尸子》和《濾冠子》等,其思想主要有:《黄帝四经》中的“恒先太虚”与“名实相应”思想;尸子的“正名明分”与“无私公心”思想;濾冠子的元气论与道法整合思想等。 3.通过研究春秋战国时期楚国对天道的探索传统、南方国家的形成特点、长江流域的文化理想对楚国道家思想的影响,揭示楚国道家思想的特点。楚国对天道的探索可以溯及殷周关于人性论本原的思考,大约经过了由帝命观或天命观,天道论再到天之道论的思想转变。楚国道家思想中自然观念的产生与楚国对天道的探索传统是密不可分的,其自然观念主要表现为道常无为的自然规律观;反者道之动的自然辨证观;天人合一的自然和谐观等。南方国家的形成过程是民族的大融合、文化的大发展、社会的大变动,针对南方国家尤其是楚国形成与发展的社会演进轨迹,反映到道家思想的论域中则主要表现为国家规模的适度、社会态度的不争、社会秩序的自化、社会治理的无为等社会观念。长江流域文化作为时空交织的多层次与多维度的文化复合体,在漫长的历史发展中逐渐形成具有创新、进取和开放精神等文
[Abstract]:Since the end of the 1980s, the research on Taoist thought has shown a trend of gradual warming, and a trend of Taoist research has been remitted in 90s. With the further development of Confucianism, it is gradually found that it is difficult to truly interpret the relationship between Chinese traditional culture and modernization only by limited to the single framework of Confucianism. As an important part of the Chinese traditional culture, the three families of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the important parts of Chinese traditional culture. Therefore, the study of Taoist thought is also very important. The research angle of this article is based on the study of regional ideology and culture. The research method tries to integrate the data of the three aspects of the literature, the underground documents and the underground objects, trying to think through the Taoist thought. The study of the relationship between the Chu state in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period was a clear clue to the historical development of the Taoist thought in the spring and Autumn period of the Warring States period in the state of Chu.
Focusing on the above topics, the article mainly focuses on the following aspects:
1. from the ideological and cultural tradition of the state of Chu to see the ideological and cultural background of the spread and transformation of the Taoist thought in the state of Chu. Ban Gu "the flow of Tao in the Han Book and the art of art" is an important basis for the historian of the Taoist Origin. In fact, Chu has a good background of "Official Learning" and the cultural background of the wisdom of Taoism. The Taoist thought and the recluse life are inseparable, and the Chu state also forms a hermit community. From the beginning of the Lao Tzu, the famous hermits in Chu state in the spring and Autumn period have a public opinion, Laozi, Fan Li and so on. The spread and transformation of the Taoist thought in Chu state can not be separated from Chu thought. The influence of cultural tradition.
2. from the study of the main representatives of the Taoist school and the inheritance relationship between the main representatives and their main ideas in the state of Chu, the author collate the clearer historical development clues of the Taoist thought in the spring and Autumn period of the Warring States period in the state of Chu. Yin's thought is mainly manifested in the theory of "no living and expensive Qing", the transformation of Lao Tzu's thought of "no hiding" and "noble and gentle". On the occasion of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States, he inherited and developed the theory of Lao Tzu to the greatest degree by the old son's disciple g Ssang Chu and Wen Zi, but the thought of the Wen Zi became the important development of the traditional Taoist school to the school of Huang Lao. At the turning point, he absorbed the good of Confucianism, enriched and developed the theory of Lao Tzu's rule of life, and gave the enlightenment. As an important representative of the Taoist thought in the Warring States period, Chuang-tzu inherited and developed the Taoist theory of the state of Chu in an all-round way. On the basis of inheriting and modifying the traditional Taoist thought, Chuang-tzu advocated a peaceful and inaction. The nature of the nature is the introspection of the philosophy of life, which is manifested in the interpretation and transformation of the thought of the Taoist thought without, health, and inaction. In the middle of the Warring States period, the Taoist thought was transformed into the theory of the Huang Lao Taoism, which was the philosophical manifestation of the political differentiation of the ruling class in the period of the feudal system. A number of representative works of yellow and old thoughts have been produced, such as the four classics of the Yellow Emperor, the body of the Huangdi and the filter crown. The ideas mainly include the thought of "Heng Xian Tai Xu" and "the corresponding" in the four classics of the Yellow Emperor, the thought of "the positive name of the emperor" and "the unselfish public heart", the theory of the spirit of the crown and the thought of the integration of the Taoist law.
3. by studying the exploration tradition of the Chu state in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the formation characteristics of the southern countries, the influence of the cultural ideal of the Yangtze River Basin on the Taoist thought of Chu state, the characteristics of the Taoist thought of Chu state were revealed. The emergence of the Taoist theory of Taoism and the thought of the Taoism in the state of Chu is inseparable from the exploration tradition of the Chu state in the state of heaven. Its natural concept is mainly manifested in the natural law view of the Tao, the natural dialectic view of the movement of the anti man, the self harmony view of the unity of the heaven and the man, and so on. The formation process of the south country is a nation. The great integration, the great development of culture and the great changes in the society, in view of the social evolution of the southern countries, especially the state of Chu, are reflected in the moderation of the Taoist thought, the indisputable social attitude, the self transformation of social order, the inaction of social governance, and the inaction of the society, and the culture of the Yangtze River Basin. The multi-layered and multi-dimensional cultural complex with time and space has gradually formed an innovative, enterprising and open spirit in the long historical development.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K225

【引证文献】