汉代文吏的身份

发布时间：2018-06-06 01:42

本文选题：汉代 + 文吏　；参考：《厦门大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自古以来,文职官吏就是国家行政运作中必不可少的一部分。汉代也有大量的文职官吏。然而,在汉代,“文吏”一词却不仅仅是指所有的文职官吏。在不作为文职官吏代称的情况下,文吏所代表的是一个特别的吏群体。研究这个吏群体是研究汉代官制以及社会、政治的重要课题。本文拟就此文吏群体的身份及其成因等问题进行分析和探讨。作为吏员,文吏的职官身份是文吏身份中最基本的内涵。本文首先从文吏之名中所包涵的“文史法律”之意入手,寻找出文史法律类吏员的范围:上至廷尉,下至乡官里吏。其次,考察王充《论衡》所记“长吏”标准的可靠性,将文吏范围缩小为“长吏”僚属中文史法律类吏员。再次,通过对许多与文吏相关的吏称,如“刀笔吏”、“狱吏”之类的分析,同时对照文吏的文史法律之意,揭示具体的文吏职位和文吏代表。汉人对于文吏的社会评价,主要是对文吏的贬斥。造成这种认同的原因有很多,主要在于这几个方面:即儒、法治世方案的矛盾、官与吏的差异、评价者的身份和出发点、文吏的能力和品行。汉代文吏的身份是职官身份和社会评价的结合体。通过对于职官身份的分析,文吏的职官、职务、爵秩、仕进等问题进一步明朗。通过对于社会评价的分析,文吏所受的蔑视与责难也就不难理解了。一方面是不可或缺的行政力量,一方面又是饱受非议的低俗小吏,汉代文吏的身份所反映的正是这种职官身份与社会评价的矛盾。这个矛盾是在人治社会下无法解决的。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, civilian officials have been an essential part of state administration. Han Dynasty also has a large number of civilian officials. However, in the Han Dynasty, the word "clerical officials" did not only refer to all civilian officials. In the absence of civilian officials, they represent a special group of officials. It is an important subject to study the official system and the society and politics of the Han Dynasty. This paper analyzes and discusses the identity and causes of this official group. As an official, the official status of the official is the most basic connotation of the official identity. This article begins with the meaning of "the law of literature and history" contained in the name of the official, and finds out the scope of the official of the law of literature and history: from the rank of superintendent to the official in the village. Secondly, by investigating the reliability of Wang Chong's standard of "officials", the scope of "officials" is reduced to "officials" who belong to the Chinese history of law officials. Thirdly, through the analysis of many officials, such as "Dao and pen officials" and "prison officials", and in comparison with the literature, history and law of the scribes, the positions and representatives of the clerks are revealed. The Han people's social evaluation of the scribes was mainly derogatory of the clerks. There are many reasons for this kind of identification, mainly in these aspects: Confucianism, the contradiction of the rule of law scheme, the difference between officials and officials, the identity and starting point of the evaluator, the ability and conduct of the scribes. The identity of official in Han Dynasty is the combination of official identity and social evaluation. Through the analysis of the official status, the official, post, rank, official progress and other issues are further clarified. Through the analysis of social evaluation, it is not difficult to understand the contempt and censure of the scribes. On the one hand, it is an indispensable administrative force, on the other hand, it is the vulgar petty official who has been criticized. The identity of the official in the Han Dynasty reflects the contradiction between the official status and the social evaluation. This contradiction cannot be solved under the rule of man.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K234

【参考文献】