明清徽州水利社会几个问题的研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 22:01

本文选题：徽州 + 新安江　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：徽州是中国传统社会后期的典型区域,各方面杰出之士,代不乏人,尤其是遗存的文献和实物众多,极具“标本”意义。无论是在中国还是徽州的历史发展进程中,水利都占有极其独特而重要的地位。本文试图将徽州和水利联系起来,通过观察徽州独特的人文社会环境因素与以水为代表的自然环境因素的碰撞纠合过程,探求徽州水利社会的发展变迁以及背后的利弊得失。本文研究的主要地理范围是徽州的新安江流域,新安江一水东流,集束了徽州最大盆地内的诸条水系,形成了一条极为重要的内外联系通道,人流、物流和信息流通过这一通道实现了交换。新安江流域作为徽州地区政治、经济、文化和地理等方面的核心区域,在徽州历史发展变迁过程中起到了重要的作用。在这历史的长河中,徽州人逐水而居,围绕着诸种水利趋利避害、不断调适,因应做出了不同的选择,包括传统的渔樵耕读四种生产和生活方式。渔樵耕读,渔樵耕与水利密切相关,读则跃然而出,缠绕其间,最终错综集合成徽州历史上的极具特点的“隐士”文化。徽州众多的“隐士”,为了生存,走出徽州,与水产生了更多的社会联系,所谓大隐隐于朝,中隐隐于市,小隐隐于野,小徽州与大徽州的“隐士”们内外连接,上下互动,共同促进形成了波澜壮阔的徽州水利社会。对于水利社会的研究,以山陕地区为代表的中国北方地区干旱少雨,饮用和灌溉水利问题一直以来更受到重视和关注。南方而言,农业灌溉问题仍然是研究热点,不过,因为降雨量的相对丰沛,南方地区水利社会研究的范围更为广阔一些,渔业、航运等水利问题,特别是航运水利比较重要。就徽州而言,本地士绅在以吕X(为代表的水利灌溉工程中,通过对偶像的塑造和祭祀,不断宣示和强化创建者家族的特殊利益,这虽然反映了其地位随着时间的流逝而不断消解,但是,在吕X(的兴建维护过程中,时常作为发起人和倡议者的士绅家族,其所发挥的建设性作用理应予以肯定。对于徽州社会而言,航运的作用的特别巨大,尤其是在南宋(1127-1279)迁都杭州以后,徽州实现了从僻野荒陬向京畿之地的跃迁,特别是通过新安江水路,徽州与首善之区的经济距离较之地理距离更为缩短,经济、文化等方面的互动大为增强。通过新安江水路等通道,背井离乡、走出大山的徽州人日渐增多,一方面是本地人口增长和粮食不足之压力,另一方面也是行者倍利,居者屡空,逐水而行源于利益的驱动,这些人中尤以徽商赫赫有名。徽州商业的日渐兴盛,伴随着如渔梁、屯溪等一系列市镇的形成,这些市镇多滨水而建,因水利而兴,大都位于徽州的一些水路要道上,作为徽州商品与人员集散的大小中心节点而逐渐兴盛起来。徽州人曾经走在海洋时代的的前端,16世纪的中国东南沿海,在倭寇之乱中留下浓墨重彩的人物中,不少其籍贯恰为徽州,这其实正反映了徽州商业触角的延伸程度,既广且深。但是,徽州同整个中国一般,自海洋内敛而后退了一步,转向内陆河流,但也因此失去了部分先机,最终繁华落幕。
[Abstract]:Huizhou is a typical region in the late period of China ' s traditional society , all the outstanding scholars , the detractors , especially the remains of the literature and the kind of material , very " specimen " meaning . Whether in China or Huizhou in the historical development process , the water conservancy occupies an extremely unique and important position . This paper attempts to link Huizhou and water conservancy , through observing the unique social environment factor of Huizhou and the collision rectification process with water as the representative natural environment factor , to explore the development change of Huizhou water conservancy society and the advantages and disadvantages behind it .

The main geographical area studied in this paper is the Xin ' an River basin in Huizhou , the east flow of Xin ' an River and the water system in the largest basin in Huizhou . It has formed a very important internal and external connection channel , and the people ' s flow , logistics and information flow have played an important role in the development of Huizhou .

For the study of water conservancy society , the drought , rain , drinking and irrigation of water conservancy in northern China , which are represented by Shanshan area , have been paid more attention and attention . In the south , irrigation problem of agriculture is still a hot spot , but because of the relative abundance of rainfall , the scope of water conservancy social research in the South is more important . In the case of Huizhou , local squire has been continuously digesting and strengthening the creator ' s family through the shaping and sacrifice of idols , but in the construction and maintenance of Lu X , the constructive role played by local squire in the construction and maintenance of Lu X should be affirmed .

For Huizhou society , the function of shipping is especially great , especially in the Southern Song Dynasty . After moving to Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty , the Hui Zhou realized the transition from the wilderness to the capital , especially through the channels of Xin ' anjiang waterway , Huizhou and the capital city . On the other hand , it is the pressure of local population growth and insufficient food . On the other hand , it is the driving of the benefit from the local population growth and the shortage of food , especially the Huizhou merchants .

Huizhou ' s commerce is booming , along with the formation of a series of towns such as Yuliang and Tunxi , which have been built because of water conservancy . Most of them are located on some water roads in Huizhou , and many of them are in Huizhou , which is a reflection of the extent of the commercial touch of Huizhou . However , Huizhou and the whole China have retreated a step from the sea , turning to inland rivers . However , they have lost some of the pioneers and finally flourished .
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.91;K248

【引证文献】