齐鲁士人与两汉政治

发布时间：2018-06-16 01:35

本文选题：齐鲁士人 + 两汉　；参考：《山东师范大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：齐鲁地区是两汉时期官吏分布较为密集的区域之一,齐鲁士人与两汉政治有着密切关系。大多数学者对此的研究思路和方法大都是按照人物排列,采取分散的、孤立的个案研究方式,很少或者基本上没有从宏观上对两汉时期齐鲁士人进行系统的、全方位的群体化研究,至于结合政治学原理,从治国理论高度来审视齐鲁士人与两汉政治关系,目前还没有这方面的课题研究。本文正是以两汉历史上关系国家盛衰的中央政治、地方治理两大问题为基本线索,从整体上考察两汉时期齐鲁士人在这些政治领域的实践作为,力求在两汉社会大背景下总结出他们对两汉的突出贡献及其经验教训。上篇“齐鲁士人与两汉中央政事”,这是全文的主体与铺垫,具体又分为齐鲁士人与中央决策、中央咨议、中央行政三个章节。两汉时期尤其是西汉,齐鲁士人是参与中央决策的重要人物,其中不乏布衣之士上书进言乃成大功、立大业者。他们凭借敏锐的政治眼光和深远的谋略,辅助统治者对两汉历史上一些错综复杂且又关系国家兴衰安危的重大问题上做出较为正确的抉择。无论以何种身份、何种方式参与决策,这些齐鲁士人都为汉帝国封建大厦上层建筑的构建立下了汗马功劳。为了保证最高决策权的正确运行,封建皇帝需要智囊集团参议朝政,为决策提供咨询服务,用集体智慧弥补皇帝专断的阙失。两汉皇朝智囊集团中,许多齐鲁籍学识渊博的学者以及有从政经验的官吏都是重要组成部分。针对皇帝咨询、时政利弊,他们或是积极对策,或是议政陈事,更有人不顾身家性命,敢于对皇帝直言诤谏,从而成为推动两汉政治发展不可或缺的力量。齐鲁士人是两汉中高级官僚集团的一个重要群体,他们才华出众,颇有建树,特别是在汉代“山东出相,山西出将”格局中,齐鲁士人在任相人数及分布时期上的突出优势,尤为体现出齐鲁士人与两汉中央行政的密切关系。这些齐鲁籍政治家和清官循吏的作为,对两汉政局的稳定、政风的维护也发挥了积极作用。下篇“齐鲁士人与两汉地方治理”,这是全文的重点与深化,主要由齐鲁士人与地方吏治、地方经济、地方治安、地方教化四个章节构成。地方吏治好坏是关系经济发展、社会稳定的基础。在两汉地方治理中,改善吏治正是齐鲁籍官员的实践活动较为集中、较为突出的方面,具体体现在以下几点:廉洁自律、克己奉公;秉公办案、为民伸冤;惩奸罚恶、不畏权贵;整顿吏治、赏罚严明,这基本涵盖了他们在律己、执法及治吏等方面的贡献,对两汉地方社会产生了重大影响。
[Abstract]:Qilu region is one of the regions where officials were densely distributed during the Han Dynasty, and the scholars in Qilu had a close relationship with the politics of the Han Dynasty. Most of the scholars' research ideas and methods are arranged according to the characters, adopting scattered and isolated case studies, with little or no macroscopic systematic analysis of the Qi-Lu scholars in the Han Dynasty. There is no research on the political relationship between the scholars of Qilu and the Han Dynasty from the point of view of the theory of governing the country. This paper takes the central politics and local governance in the history of the Han Dynasty as the basic clue to investigate the practice of Qilu scholars in these political fields in the Han Dynasty as a whole. Try to sum up their outstanding contributions to the Han Dynasty and their experience and lessons under the background of Han society. The first part, "the scholars of Qilu and the political affairs of the Central Committee of the Han Dynasty", is the main body and the foundation of the paper, which is divided into three chapters: the scholars of Qilu and the decision of the Central Committee, the Central Advisory and discussion, and the Central Administration. During the Han Dynasty, especially in the Western Han Dynasty, the Qilu scholars were important figures who participated in the central decision-making. With their keen political vision and far-reaching strategy, they assisted the rulers to make a more correct decision on some complicated and important issues in the history of the Han Dynasty which had a bearing on the prosperity and decline of the country. No matter what kind of identity and how to participate in the decision-making, these Qilu scholars have made great contributions to the construction of the superstructure of the feudal edifice of the Han Empire State. In order to ensure the correct operation of the highest decision-making power, the feudal emperor needed the think-tank group to participate in the government, to provide advisory services for the decision-making, and to make up for the lack of arbitrariness with collective wisdom. In the think-tank group of the Han and imperial dynasties, many scholars of Qilu and officials with political experience are important components. In view of the emperor's consultation, the pros and cons of current politics, they either took positive measures or discussed political affairs, and some people dared to admonish the emperor without regard to their personal lives, thus becoming an indispensable force to promote the political development of the Han Dynasty. The Qilu scholars are an important group of the middle and senior bureaucrats of the Han Dynasty. They are talented and have made great achievements, especially in the pattern of "Shandong coming out of Shandong and Shanxi outcoming generals" in the Han Dynasty, the outstanding advantages of the Qilu scholars in the period of their number and distribution. Especially reflects the Qilu scholars and the Central Administration of the Han Dynasty close relationship. These acts of Qilu politicians and officials played an active role in the stability of the political situation and the maintenance of political style in the Han Dynasty. The second part is "Qilu Scholars and the Local Administration of the Han Dynasty", which is the focus and deepening of the full text, mainly composed of four chapters: Qilu Scholars and Local officials, Local economy, Local Public order, and Local Education. Good or bad local officials are the basis of economic development and social stability. In the local governance of the Han Dynasty, the improvement of local administration is precisely the practice of Qilu officials, which is more concentrated and prominent in the following aspects: being honest and self-discipline, serving one's own interests; handling cases impartially to avenge the people's grievances; punishing rape and punishing evil; Not afraid of the powerful; rectifying the administration of officials, reward and punishment is strict, which basically covers their contributions in law, law enforcement and management of officials, which has had a significant impact on the local society of the Han Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K234

【引证文献】