明清河西地区水与城镇关系研究
发布时间：2018-07-27 15:33
【摘要】： 历史时期人与自然互动关系的研究是历史地理学的主要研究内容之一,也是我们了解人类改造利用自然以及环境对人类社会发展反作用的重要途径。水作为自然地理环境中与人类关系最为密切的因子,加之当前城镇水资源缺乏已成为世界性难题,从而水与城镇关系的研究日益得到了人们的重视。 河西走廊地区位于我国西北内陆,在自然区划上属于干旱半干旱地区;从人类开发历史来看,其又处于我国农牧交替带上。本文选取该地区作为研究对象,运用历史地理学的理论和方法,研究历史时期水对城镇分布位置、发展历史、规模等的影响以及城镇居民对水环境改变的适应,具有一定的典型性和代表意义。通过与其他地区的比较,希望能够为水资源制约下的城镇发展道路提供借鉴。 综上所述,本文分为以下几个部分: 第一部分:绪论。主要阐述了选题的依据和意义,介绍了相关研究、研究内容和方法。 第二部分:明清河西城镇用水来源。该部分对明清时期该地区水资源状况进行了整体复原,分别对于河流、湖泊、泉泽和井水等地表地下水资源情况进行了考察,为了解城镇居民的用水问题奠定了坚实的基础。 第三部分:城镇用水结构问题的讨论。该部分对于城镇用水方式进行了讨论。明清时期河西走廊地区城镇用水主要有城镇居民生活用水、城镇防卫用水、城镇休闲用水、农田灌溉用水以及人们直接利用水力等方式。 第四部分:水对城镇的影响。本部分首先以石羊河流域为例阐述了水对于城镇分布的影响和制约,接着讨论了水源的变化对于城镇发展的重大意义并探讨了其与城镇规模的关系,然后分别对水对于交通的有利和不利影响作了阐述,最后从地名角度对于自然环境的变化作了论述。 第五部分:河西水环境的恶化及人们的应对措施。本部分对于水环境恶化的原因进行了探讨,并且对于水环境恶化条件下的城镇居民的行为和反应进行了研究,最后则对人们对于水灾害的预防和应对措施进行了说明。 通过对全文总结,可以得出以下结论:明清时期河西走廊水资源配置优于现时,这种优越性并不表现在总量上,而是表现在当时对水量的需求要远远小于今日。用水主要集中于农田灌溉和城镇居民生活用水上,其中农田灌溉占用水的大宗。水源不但对于城镇的分布、发展、规模等方面有着重要影响,还以地名的方式反映着自然环境的变化。随着水环境的恶化,人们已经认识到了这一问题并且采取了一系列的补救措施。
[Abstract]:The study of the interaction between man and nature during the historical period is one of the main contents of historical geography, and is also an important way for us to understand the adverse effects of human transformation and utilization of nature and the environment on the development of human society. Water is the most closely related factor in the natural geographical environment, and the lack of water resources in cities and towns has become a worldwide problem, so the study of the relationship between water and towns has been paid more and more attention. The Hexi Corridor is located in the inland northwest of China and belongs to the arid and semi-arid region in natural regionalization. From the history of human development, it is also located in the alternate belt of agriculture and animal husbandry in China. This paper selects this area as the research object, and applies the theory and method of historical geography to study the influence of water on the distribution position, development history and scale of cities and towns during the historical period, as well as the adaptation of urban residents to the change of water environment. It has certain typicality and representative meaning. Through the comparison with other regions, we hope to provide reference for the urban development road under the restriction of water resources. To sum up, this article is divided into the following parts: the first part: introduction. This paper mainly describes the basis and significance of the topic, introduces the relevant research, research content and methods. The second part: the water sources of western cities and towns in Ming and Qing dynasties. This part has carried on the overall restoration to the water resources condition of this area during the Ming and Qing dynasties, has carried on the inspection to the river, the lake, the spring and the well water and so on surface groundwater resources situation, has laid the solid foundation for understanding the urban resident's water use problem. The third part: the discussion of the structure of urban water use. In this part, the way of using water in cities and towns is discussed. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the urban water use in the Hexi Corridor mainly included the urban residents' domestic water, the urban defense water, the urban leisure water, the farmland irrigation water and the people's direct use of the water power and so on. The fourth part: the influence of water on the town. Firstly, taking Shiyang River Basin as an example, the paper expounds the influence and restriction of water on urban distribution, and then discusses the great significance of the change of water source to the development of cities and towns, and discusses the relationship between water sources and the scale of towns. Then, the beneficial and negative effects of water on traffic are expounded, and the change of natural environment is discussed from the point of geographical names. The fifth part: the deterioration of water environment in Hexi and people's countermeasures. In this part, the causes of the deterioration of water environment are discussed, and the behavior and response of urban residents under the condition of water environment deterioration are studied. Finally, the prevention and countermeasures of water disasters are explained. By summing up the full text, we can draw the following conclusions: the allocation of water resources in the Hexi Corridor during the Ming and Qing dynasties was superior to that at present. This superiority is not manifested in the total amount, but in the demand for water at that time is much smaller than today. Water use is mainly concentrated on farmland irrigation and urban residents' living water, among which farmland irrigation takes up a large amount of water. Water sources not only have an important influence on the distribution, development and scale of towns, but also reflect the change of natural environment by the way of place names. With the deterioration of the water environment, people have recognized the problem and taken a series of remedial measures.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：P942;K248;K249
本文编号：2148281
[Abstract]:The study of the interaction between man and nature during the historical period is one of the main contents of historical geography, and is also an important way for us to understand the adverse effects of human transformation and utilization of nature and the environment on the development of human society. Water is the most closely related factor in the natural geographical environment, and the lack of water resources in cities and towns has become a worldwide problem, so the study of the relationship between water and towns has been paid more and more attention. The Hexi Corridor is located in the inland northwest of China and belongs to the arid and semi-arid region in natural regionalization. From the history of human development, it is also located in the alternate belt of agriculture and animal husbandry in China. This paper selects this area as the research object, and applies the theory and method of historical geography to study the influence of water on the distribution position, development history and scale of cities and towns during the historical period, as well as the adaptation of urban residents to the change of water environment. It has certain typicality and representative meaning. Through the comparison with other regions, we hope to provide reference for the urban development road under the restriction of water resources. To sum up, this article is divided into the following parts: the first part: introduction. This paper mainly describes the basis and significance of the topic, introduces the relevant research, research content and methods. The second part: the water sources of western cities and towns in Ming and Qing dynasties. This part has carried on the overall restoration to the water resources condition of this area during the Ming and Qing dynasties, has carried on the inspection to the river, the lake, the spring and the well water and so on surface groundwater resources situation, has laid the solid foundation for understanding the urban resident's water use problem. The third part: the discussion of the structure of urban water use. In this part, the way of using water in cities and towns is discussed. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the urban water use in the Hexi Corridor mainly included the urban residents' domestic water, the urban defense water, the urban leisure water, the farmland irrigation water and the people's direct use of the water power and so on. The fourth part: the influence of water on the town. Firstly, taking Shiyang River Basin as an example, the paper expounds the influence and restriction of water on urban distribution, and then discusses the great significance of the change of water source to the development of cities and towns, and discusses the relationship between water sources and the scale of towns. Then, the beneficial and negative effects of water on traffic are expounded, and the change of natural environment is discussed from the point of geographical names. The fifth part: the deterioration of water environment in Hexi and people's countermeasures. In this part, the causes of the deterioration of water environment are discussed, and the behavior and response of urban residents under the condition of water environment deterioration are studied. Finally, the prevention and countermeasures of water disasters are explained. By summing up the full text, we can draw the following conclusions: the allocation of water resources in the Hexi Corridor during the Ming and Qing dynasties was superior to that at present. This superiority is not manifested in the total amount, but in the demand for water at that time is much smaller than today. Water use is mainly concentrated on farmland irrigation and urban residents' living water, among which farmland irrigation takes up a large amount of water. Water sources not only have an important influence on the distribution, development and scale of towns, but also reflect the change of natural environment by the way of place names. With the deterioration of the water environment, people have recognized the problem and taken a series of remedial measures.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：P942;K248;K249
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