服石：嵇康悲剧与魏晋士人之风尚

发布时间：2018-08-19 18:53

【摘要】： 汉末魏晋时期是中华民族内部大动荡、大残杀、大分裂时期。这时期,政治上极为黑暗且混乱,斗争异常残酷,篡夺频仍。依附或徘徊于统治阶层中的文人名士,作为最为敏感的群体,其处境也是相当艰难与十分危险的。乱世对人类生命的压抑和摧残,成了文人内在生命情绪勃发和生命意识觉醒的契机,从而造就了这个时代成为中国文化思想史上极其绚丽多姿的时期。而身处这个时代的嵇康更是以他那当时难以伦比的风度魅力,为当时及后世所景仰,却最终被司马氏诛杀。此事当时就极不得人心,事后更增后世士子对嵇康的无限景仰与同情。那么,嵇康的死因何在? 对于这个问题,历来学者多从政治角度与嵇康本人的性格进行解释,认为嵇康生性孤高耿直,非汤武薄周孔,直接与司马氏篡国企图相关,所以不得不死。此说极是。然本文以为,仅做这种解释尚嫌不足,未能充分说明嵇康死因的更深层次原因。本文就是以此为楔入点,在对嵇康的生平与思想、性格及与当时社会政治环境与司马氏集团所进行的分析的情况下,认为嵇康之死固然有政治上的原因,还应与嵇康刚烈的性格有着莫大的关系,而造成嵇康这种性格的原因除了他的成长经历与学识背景、旨趣爱好以外,还有一个重大的原因就是盛行当时的服石之风,因为五石散虽然有治病养生的效用,但其不良后果显然对人的肉体、性格和精神的副作用为害更烈。嵇康正是在服食了五石散后,脾气更趋激烈,从而在客观上造成了他的最终被杀。而这种风气之所以能在魏晋时期盛行,主要是与当时玄学思潮的兴起、对长生不老的渴望、和流行于士人阶层的人物品评及上层阶级的放荡生活有关。
[Abstract]:The period of the end of Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin dynasties is the period of great turbulence, great slaughter and great division within the Chinese nation. During this period, politics was extremely dark and chaotic, struggles were brutal and usurpation continued. As the most sensitive group, the literati who are attached to or wandering in the ruling class are in a very difficult and dangerous situation. The suppression and destruction of human life in turbulent times has become an opportunity for the literati to develop their inner life emotions and awakening their life consciousness, thus creating this era as an extremely colorful period in the history of Chinese culture and ideology. Ji Kang, who lived in this era, admired him for his unparalleled charm at that time, but was eventually killed by Sima. It was extremely unpopular at that time, and later increased the boundless admiration and sympathy of later generations to Ji Kang. So, where was Ji Kang's death? For this issue, scholars have always explained from the political point of view and Ji Kang's own character, that Ji Kang was by nature solitary and straight, not Tang Wu thin Zhou Kong, directly related to Sima's attempt to usurp the country, so he had to die. This is extremely true. However, this paper thinks that it is not enough to explain the cause of Ji Kang's death. Based on the analysis of Ji Kang's life and thought, his character and the social and political environment at that time and the Sima's group, this paper holds that Ji Kang's death certainly has political reasons. It should also have a great relationship with Ji Kang's strong personality. Besides his growing up experience and academic background and interest, there is also a major reason for Ji Kang's personality, which is the prevailing style of stone service. Although Wushi San has the effect of curing diseases and keeping in good health, its adverse consequences are obviously more harmful to people's physical, personality and spiritual side effects. It was after taking the five stones that Ji Kang's temper became fiercer, which objectively resulted in his eventual murder. The reason why this trend prevailed in the Wei and Jin dynasties was mainly related to the rise of metaphysics trend of thought at that time, the yearning for immortality, and the criticism of figures in the scholar class and the debauchery life of the upper class.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K235

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