《商君书》思想研究
发布时间：2018-08-21 09:31
【摘要】： 商鞅及其学派的思想曾对我国延续两千余年的君主集权制度的形成和发展起到过重要的作用,而《商君书》集中记录和阐述了商鞅及其学派的治国思想,是我们了解商鞅及其后学的思想、商鞅变法以及秦国制度渊源的重要文献来源,具有较高的文献和思想价值。本文旨在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对《商君书》的总体思想进行系统、深入的论述,并对《商君书》思想和秦的政治实践作双向考查,以揭示商鞅及其学派对中国古代社会的历史影响。 全文分绪论、正文和结语三大部分: 绪论从商鞅的生平及事迹、《商君书》的流传及沿革、《商君书》的校释、《商君书》真伪研究以及《商君书》思想的研究几个方面,回顾并反思了前人的研究成果,并对本文的选题意义、研究价值、研究目的与方法进行了阐述。 正文分四章。第一章分两节,主要探讨《商君书》的政治思想。本章通过分析君主产生的历史背景、君与民的关系,指出商鞅学派治国思想的核心在于尊君抑民、强国弱民,这也正是商鞅学派治国思想的总纲,而农战是实现其王天下这一目标的唯一途径,法是保障农战政策顺利实施的工具。 第二章探讨的是《商君书》中的军事思想。本章共分三节,第一节分析商鞅学派“以战去战”的战争观,及政治对军事的重大影响;第二节从主动出击和被动防御两个方面分析了商鞅学派的战略战术思想,主动出击时要求谨慎、知己知彼,被动防御时讲究以逸待劳,而且必须增强防守力量;第三节从设立爵位的重要性、原则、爵位的种类、等级、赐予标准以及论定爵位的程序等方面重点论述了商鞅学派的劝战之道——爵制思想,发现《商君书》中所体现的爵称为十六级,与后来的二十等爵存在着差别。其军事思想的特点是功利主义色彩浓厚,只看重战争的结果,而不在意战争的性质和手段。 第三章归纳了《商君书》的经济思想。全章分为三节,第一节分析商鞅学派重农的原因及驱民归农的措施;第二节分析商鞅学派抑商的原因及对策,并结合传世文献和出土简牍考察了秦国抑商政策的成效,认为秦的抑商政策并不彻底,其抑商的效果不宜高估;第三节从人口数量、人口结构、人口质量及人口的管理四个方面探讨了商鞅学派的人口思想,并深入地分析了商鞅学派为增加人口而建议实行的“徕民”政策,对商鞅学派的人口管理思想与秦国的户籍制度作了双向的对比研究,发现商鞅学派的经济思想对秦国的经济政策产生了很大的影响,秦国依此建立、实施的许多制度、政策皆为后世所尊崇、利用。 第四章探讨《商君书》的法律思想,主要分析其法律观、法的普及教育以及商鞅学派法律思想对秦国法律制度、司法实践的影响。商鞅学派的应时史观是其立法、司法的重要理论基础;其“刑无等级”的立法主张有进步的一面,但并非彻底的公平和平等;而其重刑主义和“以刑去刑”的主张则违背了罪刑相当的原则,凸显了商鞅学派法治的实质:法是维护君主利益、推行农战政策的重要工具。 结语认为《商君书》思想自成体系,逻辑严谨,其特点是追求“壹”,即强调君主地位和权威的至高无上,强调实现君尊、统一天下之途径必为农战,驱民于农战的手段只能用法。商鞅学派的治国思想对秦及整个中国后世的意识形态、政治经济体制影响深远。
[Abstract]:Shang Yang and his school of thought had played an important role in the formation and development of the monarchy centralization system which lasted for more than 2000 years in China. The book of Shang Jun records and expounds the thoughts of Shang Yang and his school of thought on governing the country. It is an important source of literature for us to understand Shang Yang and his later studies, the Shang Yang Reform and the origin of the Qin system. On the basis of summing up the predecessors'research results, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth discussion on the general idea of Shang Jun Shu, and makes a two-way examination on the thought of Shang Jun Shu and Qin's political practice, in order to reveal the historical influence of Shang Yang and his school on ancient Chinese society.
The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The introduction reviews and reflects the previous research results from the aspects of Shang Yang's life and deeds, the circulation and evolution of Shang Jun Shu, the proofreading of Shang Jun Shu, the research on the authenticity of Shang Jun Shu and the thought of Shang Jun Shu.
The first chapter is divided into four chapters, which mainly discusses the political thought of Shang Jun Shu. By analyzing the historical background of the emergence of the monarch and the relationship between the monarch and the people, this chapter points out that the core of Shang Yang School's thought of governing the country lies in respecting the monarch and restraining the people, strengthening the weak people, which is also the general outline of Shang Yang School's thought of governing the country, and that the agricultural war is the goal of realizing its The only way is to guarantee the smooth implementation of agricultural and war policies.
The second chapter discusses the military thought in Shang Jun Shu.This chapter is divided into three sections.The first section analyzes the war view of Shang Yang School and the important influence of politics on military affairs.The second section analyzes the strategic and tactical thought of Shang Yang School from two aspects of active attack and passive defense. In the third section, the importance of establishing titles, principles, types, ranks, granting criteria and procedures for determining titles are discussed in detail. It is found that the titles embodied in the Book of Shang Monarchs are called the sixteenth class and later. The twentieth class of magistrates differed in their military thinking, which was characterized by a strong sense of utilitarianism, with emphasis on the outcome of the war rather than on the nature and means of the war.
The third chapter summarizes the economic thought of Shang Jun Shu.The whole chapter is divided into three sections.The first section analyzes the reasons for Shang Yang School's emphasis on agriculture and the measures to drive people back to agriculture.The second section analyzes the reasons and Countermeasures of Shang Yang School's restraint of commerce,and inspects the effectiveness of Qin's restraint of commerce policy by combining the handed down documents and unearthed bamboo slips. The third section discusses the population thought of Shang Yang School from four aspects: population quantity, population structure, population quality and population management, and deeply analyzes the policy of "encouraging the people" proposed by Shang Yang School in order to increase population, and makes a two-way study on the population management thought of Shang Yang School and the household registration system of Qin State. Through comparative study, it is found that the economic thoughts of Shang Yang School exerted a great influence on the economic policies of Qin State. Many systems and policies of Qin State were established and implemented, which were respected and utilized by later generations.
The fourth chapter discusses the legal thought of Shang Jun Shu, mainly analyzes its legal view, the universal education of law and the influence of Shang Yang School's Legal Thought on Qin's legal system and judicial practice. The advocation of "punishment by penalty" and "punishment by penalty" violated the principle of equivalent crime and punishment, and highlighted the essence of the rule of law of Shang Yang School: law is an important tool to safeguard the interests of the monarch and carry out the policy of agricultural warfare.
The conclusion holds that Shang Jun Shu has its own system and rigorous logic, which is characterized by the pursuit of "one". It emphasizes the supremacy of the monarchy and authority, the realization of the monarchy, the way to unify the world must be agricultural warfare, and the means to drive the people out of agricultural warfare can only be used. The economic system has far-reaching implications.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K231
[Abstract]:Shang Yang and his school of thought had played an important role in the formation and development of the monarchy centralization system which lasted for more than 2000 years in China. The book of Shang Jun records and expounds the thoughts of Shang Yang and his school of thought on governing the country. It is an important source of literature for us to understand Shang Yang and his later studies, the Shang Yang Reform and the origin of the Qin system. On the basis of summing up the predecessors'research results, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth discussion on the general idea of Shang Jun Shu, and makes a two-way examination on the thought of Shang Jun Shu and Qin's political practice, in order to reveal the historical influence of Shang Yang and his school on ancient Chinese society.
The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The introduction reviews and reflects the previous research results from the aspects of Shang Yang's life and deeds, the circulation and evolution of Shang Jun Shu, the proofreading of Shang Jun Shu, the research on the authenticity of Shang Jun Shu and the thought of Shang Jun Shu.
The first chapter is divided into four chapters, which mainly discusses the political thought of Shang Jun Shu. By analyzing the historical background of the emergence of the monarch and the relationship between the monarch and the people, this chapter points out that the core of Shang Yang School's thought of governing the country lies in respecting the monarch and restraining the people, strengthening the weak people, which is also the general outline of Shang Yang School's thought of governing the country, and that the agricultural war is the goal of realizing its The only way is to guarantee the smooth implementation of agricultural and war policies.
The second chapter discusses the military thought in Shang Jun Shu.This chapter is divided into three sections.The first section analyzes the war view of Shang Yang School and the important influence of politics on military affairs.The second section analyzes the strategic and tactical thought of Shang Yang School from two aspects of active attack and passive defense. In the third section, the importance of establishing titles, principles, types, ranks, granting criteria and procedures for determining titles are discussed in detail. It is found that the titles embodied in the Book of Shang Monarchs are called the sixteenth class and later. The twentieth class of magistrates differed in their military thinking, which was characterized by a strong sense of utilitarianism, with emphasis on the outcome of the war rather than on the nature and means of the war.
The third chapter summarizes the economic thought of Shang Jun Shu.The whole chapter is divided into three sections.The first section analyzes the reasons for Shang Yang School's emphasis on agriculture and the measures to drive people back to agriculture.The second section analyzes the reasons and Countermeasures of Shang Yang School's restraint of commerce,and inspects the effectiveness of Qin's restraint of commerce policy by combining the handed down documents and unearthed bamboo slips. The third section discusses the population thought of Shang Yang School from four aspects: population quantity, population structure, population quality and population management, and deeply analyzes the policy of "encouraging the people" proposed by Shang Yang School in order to increase population, and makes a two-way study on the population management thought of Shang Yang School and the household registration system of Qin State. Through comparative study, it is found that the economic thoughts of Shang Yang School exerted a great influence on the economic policies of Qin State. Many systems and policies of Qin State were established and implemented, which were respected and utilized by later generations.
The fourth chapter discusses the legal thought of Shang Jun Shu, mainly analyzes its legal view, the universal education of law and the influence of Shang Yang School's Legal Thought on Qin's legal system and judicial practice. The advocation of "punishment by penalty" and "punishment by penalty" violated the principle of equivalent crime and punishment, and highlighted the essence of the rule of law of Shang Yang School: law is an important tool to safeguard the interests of the monarch and carry out the policy of agricultural warfare.
The conclusion holds that Shang Jun Shu has its own system and rigorous logic, which is characterized by the pursuit of "one". It emphasizes the supremacy of the monarchy and authority, the realization of the monarchy, the way to unify the world must be agricultural warfare, and the means to drive the people out of agricultural warfare can only be used. The economic system has far-reaching implications.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K231
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王大鹏;;何来刻薄与寡恩?——商鞅重刑思想简析[J];北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版);2013年04期
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 徐勤涛;战国时期秦国刑罚研究[D];苏州大学;2011年
2 徐e，
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