秦汉时期的乡里控制与邑、聚变迁

发布时间：2018-10-04 21:08

【摘要】："邑"是一个古老的概念,一般指人为规划的居所或行政管理下的定居单位;"聚"、"聚落"就其实存性而言应与人类定居同步,就其概念而言是战国以后的新名称,具有自然形成的聚居地的含义;"里聚"、"聚邑"、"××聚"则是国家行政管理下的称谓。其中"里聚"指的是开放式的村落,"聚邑"则属于具体的行政村,"××聚"则是名都大邑周围的卫星城或县属的乡镇。由"聚"而发展为"里聚"、"聚邑"、"××聚",是由"聚"、"邑"演变为乡镇的大体路径。秦汉时期,百姓的居住地始终都是"邑居"与"散居"并存,秦及西汉初年以"邑居"为主,西汉中期以后"散居"逐渐成为主流。"聚"是生生不息的,国家不断将之整合到乡里体系之中,乡里建制与自然聚落在纵向进程上是分离的,在横向截面上是大致合一的,总体上是合一与分离的并存。中国帝制时代的城乡分离发生较早,最迟到西汉末年乡村人口已经超过城市人口。在动乱年代,国家管理系统瘫痪,家族凝聚力凸显,兵匪势力抬头,从而形成各种形式的脱离国家管制的共同体,而一旦大一统局面再现,国家就会对这些坞、庄、营、寨进行整合,重新将之纳入基层管理体系之中。
[Abstract]:The term "settlement" is an ancient concept, generally referring to a planned residence or settlement unit under the administration; "gathering" and "settlement" should, in terms of their existence, be synchronized with human settlement and, in terms of their concept, are new names after the warring States period. It has the meaning of natural settlement, and the terms of "Li Ju", "Ju Yi" and "脳脳 Ju" are the appellations under the state administration. "Li Ju" refers to an open village, "Juyi" belongs to a specific administrative village, and "脳脳 Ju" is a town belonging to satellite or county around the capital of Dayi. From "gathering" to "gathering", "Juci", "脳脳 Ju" is the general path from "gathering" and "city" to town and township. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the people's residence was always the coexistence of "urban residence" and "scattered residence". Qin and the early years of the Western Han Dynasty were dominated by "urban residence", and after the mid-Western Han Dynasty, "Diaspora" gradually became the mainstream. " "gathering" is endless, the country constantly integrates it into the rural system, the rural system and natural settlement in the vertical process is separated, in the horizontal section is roughly one, overall is the coexistence of unity and separation. The separation of urban and rural areas occurred earlier in the imperial period in China, and the rural population exceeded the urban population at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. In the troubled years, the state management system was paralyzed, the cohesion of the family became prominent, and the forces of soldiers and bandits rose up, thus forming various forms of community separated from state control. Once the situation of unification reappeared, the state would treat these docks, villages, and battalions. The village carries on the conformity, brings it into the grass-roots management system again.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(项目编号:10YJA770052)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K232

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