南宋孝宗朝宰相群体研究

发布时间：2018-10-07 19:03

【摘要】：南宋是权相辈出的时期，权臣政治是南宋政治的一大特色。而孝宗朝却是唯一没有权相，且宰相的任用状况呈现出新的特征的朝代，孝宗朝还出现了一些前所未有的“新气象”，并造就了南宋历史上的黄金时代——“乾、淳盛世”的局面。因此，孝宗朝是南宋社会由初期的动荡、粗安到中期伊始的平稳发展，且呈蒸蒸日上之势，国家政策逐渐由对外转向治内的转型时期。本文通过对孝宗朝政治状况与作为权力中枢的宰相群体状况的分析和考察，以及对宰相群体在孝宗朝对外关系和对内政治中的作用及影响的论述，力图揭示出宰相群体与孝宗朝政治特点与发展走向的内在联系及深刻影响。本文共由六章组成。第一章为序论。本章叙述了本文的研究目的与研究现状，以及材料的使用、研究的方法及本文的构想。第二章为孝宗朝政治概况。本章分两节论述了孝宗朝政治的演进及孝宗朝政治的特点与时代风貌。第三章为孝宗朝宰相群体状况。本章分为三节对孝宗朝宰相群体的概况、宰相群体的类型、孝宗朝相权与皇权的关系及其意义进行了论析。第四章为宰相群体与孝宗朝的对外关系。本章分为三节论述了孝宗朝对外路线、方针的转变、宰相群体与对外军事的发展以及宰相对宋金外交的影响。第五章为宰相群体与孝宗朝的对内政治。本章分四节论述了宰相群体与近习的关系、宰相群体与孝宗朝法制建设的关系、宰相群体与朋党的关系以及孝宗朝皇权与相权的关系。第六章为结语。本章对全篇写作的意旨进行了总结和概况。本文通过考察孝宗朝宰相群体的政治主张与作为，揭示出孝宗朝对于高宗朝政治的反动倾向，，及其在实践中的成败，以及孝宗朝政治乃至南宋前期政治重心由对外转向内政的内在原因，从而对孝宗朝乾淳盛世局面的出现做出了诠释，即对外虽北伐不成而达成和议，但却显示出一种主动的、积极进取的态势，从而在一定程度上提高了孝宗朝的军事、外交地位。对内则实现了稳定的局面，使一度遭到破坏的士大夫政治体制得以恢复和重建，从而使孝宗朝的政治达到了一种较为清明而向上的局面，为孝宗朝经济、文化的发展创造了良好的环境。因此，本文对于研究孝宗朝乃至南宋中后期政治发展的趋势，对于深入了解南宋时期“士大夫”政治的面貌、特点与趋势，乃至南宋的权臣政治都具有一定的积极作用。
[Abstract]:The Southern Song Dynasty was a period in which power appeared in large numbers, and the politics of officials was a major feature of the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty. However, Xiaozong was the only dynasty without power, and the appointment of prime minister showed new characteristics. Xiaozong also appeared some unprecedented "new weather", and created the golden age of "Qian" in the history of the Southern Song Dynasty. Chun Sheng Shi "situation." Therefore, the Xiaozong Dynasty was the stable development of the Southern Song Dynasty from the initial turbulence, the rough peace to the beginning of the middle period, and showed the trend of prosperity, and the national policy gradually changed from the foreign to the internal transition period. This paper analyzes and inspects the political situation of Xiaozong Dynasty and the prime minister group as the center of power, and discusses the role and influence of the prime minister group in the external relations and internal politics of Xiaozong dynasty. This paper tries to reveal the inner relationship and profound influence between the prime minister group and the political characteristics and development trend of Xiaozong dynasty. This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the preface theory. This chapter describes the purpose and present situation of the research, the use of materials, the research methods and the conception of this paper. The second chapter is the political survey of filial piety. This chapter is divided into two sections to discuss the evolution of Xiaozong's politics, the characteristics of Xiaozong's politics and the style of the times. The third chapter is the filial piety of the prime minister group. This chapter is divided into three sections to analyze the general situation of the prime minister group, the type of the prime minister group, the relationship between the imperial power and the Xiaozong dynasty. The fourth chapter is the foreign relations between the prime minister group and Xiaozong dynasty. This chapter is divided into three sections to discuss the foreign route of Xiaozong Dynasty, the change of policy, the development of the prime minister group and the foreign military affairs, and the influence of the prime minister on the diplomacy of Song and Jin dynasties. The fifth chapter is the internal politics of the prime minister group and Xiaozong dynasty. This chapter is divided into four sections to discuss the relationship between the prime minister group and the close study, the relationship between the prime minister group and the legal system construction of Xiaozong dynasty, the relationship between the prime minister group and the party, and the relationship between the imperial power and the relative power of the prime minister group. The sixth chapter is the conclusion. This chapter summarizes and summarizes the meaning of the whole writing. By investigating the political opinions and actions of the prime ministers of the Xiaozong dynasty, this paper reveals the reactionary tendency of the Xiaozong dynasty to the politics of Gao Zong and its success or failure in practice. And the internal reason that the political focus of Xiaozong Dynasty and even the early stage of the Southern Song Dynasty shifted from external to internal affairs, so that the emergence of the prosperous period of Xiaozong's dynasty and Qian Chun was interpreted, that is, although the Northern Expedition failed to reach a peace agreement, it showed an initiative. Positive and enterprising situation, thus to a certain extent to improve the military, diplomatic status of Xiaozong Dynasty. On the other hand, a stable situation was achieved at home, so that the political system of the literati and officials, which was once destroyed, was restored and rebuilt. Thus, the politics of the Xiao Zong Dynasty reached a relatively clear and upward situation, which was the economy of the Xiao Zong Dynasty. The development of culture has created a good environment. Therefore, this article has a certain positive role to study the political development trend of Xiaozong Dynasty and the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, to deeply understand the appearance, characteristics and trend of the "literati and officials" politics in the Southern Song Dynasty, and even the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K245

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