河州土司何锁南家族研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 08:46

【摘要】：在河湟地区的历史舞台上活跃着一大批具有深远影响的少数民族家族,他们生生不息,绵延罔替,历经数朝仍然根深叶茂,这在中国家族史上可谓是一朵奇葩。然而令人遗憾的是,学术界对于少数民族家族的研究还不够全面,并主要集中于历史的考证,而缺乏对少数民族家族的历史轨迹、政治贡献、经济基础、文化传承、内部组织、管理体系、特殊家风、思想精神、宗教信仰等全方位、多角度的综合性研究。只有这样的研究才是全面的,才会让少数民族家族“有血有肉”,t‘活’’起来,才能跃然于纸上,有立体感。本文正是试图以河湟地区著名的世家大族何锁南家族为例,运用史料整理和田野调查等研究方法,将历史考证与人类学理论相结合,从文化、家族、宗教、历史记忆等多个视角进行深入剖析。本文以时间顺序为纵轴,以家族人物、家族文化、宗教信仰等为横轴,全面系统地展现一个少数民族家族在数百年历史长河中的发展演变。本论文除绪论外共分为五章,主要介绍了河州地区的概况、何锁南及其家族世系、何锁南家族的文化变迁、何锁南家族的宗法统治、何锁南家族的宗教信仰等内容。第一章主要阐述了河州的历史沿革、河州卫的设置以及河州地区的主要土司。河州为古西羌之地,东晋十六国时期,以兴晋、大夏、永晋、武城、会城、武始等六郡为河州,河州之名自此开始。明洪武四年(1371年),朱元璋在河州设立河州卫,军民通摄,形成了独具特色的土流参治、土控于流的管理模式,并继续推行土司制度,设置了大大小小数十家土司。第二章是对何锁南及其家族世系的历史考证。何锁南元术担任吐蓄等处宣慰使司都元帅,明初归附,历经560余年,传承19代,直至民国初年才被废除,在西北的政治历史舞台上占据着极其重要的地位。第三章主要是从人类学的视角解读何锁南家族的文化变迁。通过对何锁南家族文化变迁的原因及其影响的探讨,剖析处于族群边缘的少数民族家族的认同危机和文化适应。第四章探讨了何锁南家族的宗法统治。在二I：司承袭、家族的内部组织和管理体系、土司与属民的关系、祭祖制度等方面,宗法制度都成为何锁南家族维系家族统治与秩序的基石。最后一章论述了何锁南家族多元一体的宗教体系。由于何锁南家族处于儒家文化、臧文化、伊斯兰文化等多种文化的边缘交汇之处,这使其家族信仰同样呈现出多元鼎力、兼容并蓄的鲜明特色。总之,本人试图将史料考证与田野调查相结合,以历史人类学的视角,对著名的河州土司何锁南家族进行全面、系统的研究,并从这一全新的角度审视漫长的历史长河中各民族之间的复杂关系以及少数民族家族与中央王朝及整个中国的历史互动。
[Abstract]:In the historical stage of Hehuang area, a large number of ethnic minority families with far-reaching influence are active. They live endlessly, without labor, and still have deep roots and leaves after several dynasties, which is a wonderful flower in the history of Chinese families. However, it is regrettable that the academic research on ethnic minority families is not comprehensive enough, and mainly focuses on historical textual research, and lacks the historical track, political contribution, economic foundation, cultural heritage and internal organization of ethnic minority families. Management system, special style of home, spirit, religious belief and other all-round, multi-angle comprehensive research. Only this kind of research is comprehensive, will let the minority family "flesh and blood", t 'live' rise, can jump on the paper, have the sense of three-dimensional. This paper attempts to take he Shunan family, a famous patriarchal family in Hehuang area, as an example, combining historical textual research with anthropological theory, using historical data collation and field investigation, from culture, family, religion, etc. Historical memory and other perspectives of in-depth analysis. Taking the chronological order as the vertical axis and the family figures, family culture and religious beliefs as the horizontal axis, this paper comprehensively and systematically shows the development and evolution of a minority family in the long history of hundreds of years. This paper is divided into five chapters in addition to the introduction, mainly introduces the general situation of Hezhou region, he Cunnan and his family lineage, the cultural changes of he Cunan family, the patriarchal rule of he Cunan family, the religious belief of he Cunan family and so on. The first chapter mainly expounds the history of Hezhou, the setting of Hezhou Wei and the main toast in Hezhou area. Hezhou for the ancient West Qiang, the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the 16th period, Xingjin, Daxia, Yongjin, Wucheng, Hui City, Wushi and so on six counties for Hezhou, Hezhou since then. In Ming Hongwu four years (1371), Zhu Yuanzhang set up Hezhou Wei in Hezhou, the army and people took photos, formed the unique management mode of soil flow, soil control flow, and continued to carry out the system of toast, and set up dozens of large and small toast. The second chapter is the historical textual research of he Cunan and his family lineages. He Shunan Yuan Shu, who served as marshal of Xuanzhu, passed on 19 generations after 560 years, until the beginning of the Republic of China, occupied an extremely important position in the political and historical stage of Northwest China. The third chapter is mainly from the anthropological perspective to interpret the cultural changes of he Shunan family. This paper analyzes the crisis of identity and cultural adaptation of the ethnic minority families on the margin of ethnic groups through the discussion of the causes and effects of the cultural changes of the Hezhuonan family. The fourth chapter discusses the patriarchal rule of he Cunan family. The patriarchal clan system has become the cornerstone of he Shunan family to maintain the family rule and order in the following aspects: succession of division, internal organization and management system of the family, relationship between the Tusi and the people, system of ancestor worship and so on. The last chapter discusses the religious system of he Cunan family. Because he Shunan family is on the edge of Confucian culture, Zang culture, Islamic culture and so on, this makes his family belief also show the distinct characteristics of pluralistic and inclusive. In a word, I try to combine the textual research of historical data with field investigation, and from the perspective of historical anthropology, I make a comprehensive and systematic study on the famous Hezhou Tusi-he Shunan family. And from this new angle, it examines the complex relations among the nationalities in the long history and the historical interaction between the ethnic minority families and the central dynasty and the whole China.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K248

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