明永乐年间与西域诸国通贡关系研究
发布时间：2018-10-23 08:02
【摘要】： 本文拟以明永乐年间与西域诸国的通贡关系为研究对象，通过对大量史料的搜集、整理，在吸收前人研究成果的基础上，试从以下几个方面对其进行分析、论述，力图展现永乐年间明王朝与西域诸国通贡关系的概貌，使我们对其有个较为清晰的认识。 一、明初(洪武、永乐年间)对西域的经营。明初经营西域的目的：一是为了防范北元势力与西域诸国结盟，建立西北屏障，减轻北部边防的压力；二是为了扩大自己的统治，开通西域商道，加强与西域诸国的经济、文化交流。其主要措施，则是建立关西七卫；以及遣使西域诸国，与其建立友好关系。明朝与西域诸国友好关系的建立，主要是以通贡的形式来实现的。因此，分析“明初对西域的经营”，是研究明初与西域诸国“通贡关系”的前提，也是本文论述的基础。 二、永乐年间西域诸国至明朝的朝贡。该项内容是本文的研究重点。笔者以《明实录》、《明会典》、《明史》中有关“西域诸国”的史料为依据，，将永乐年间前来朝贡的西域诸国依所处地域分为两大类(今新疆地区为一类：今中亚、西亚地区为一类)，并一一列表论述。通过对各国朝贡具体情况的分析，归纳总结出各国的朝贡特点、朝贡类型及性质；通过对贡品的分析，论证明朝与西域通贡，不仅出于政治因素，对西域良马的追求亦是其目的之一。 三、永乐年间的朝贡制度。朝贡制度是双方在建立通贡关系的过程中逐渐形成和完善的，从而又起到规范和约束朝贡事务的作用。笔者通过对大量资料的搜集，主要从朝贡的一般规定，如贡道、贡期、朝贡规模、朝贡礼仪；明朝对西域诸朝贡国的回赐、赏赐、册封及使臣的生活待遇；以及与朝贡事务有关的机构等方面阐述永乐年间的朝贡制度状况。 四、永乐年间派遣至西域诸国的使团。此项内容亦是该文的研究重点。永乐年间明朝派遣至西域的使团有30余个。文中通过对各个使团出使情况进行列表，分析论证明朝出使西域的特点及与诸国间的关系。另因陈诚出使西域与郑和下西洋，分别是这一时期陆上丝路贸易与海上丝路贸易的典范，故将二者作以比较研究。笔者主要从出使背景、出使规模、目的及影响等方面进行比较，分析二者间的异同点，着重讨论陈诚出使西域的意义和影响。 总之，永乐年间，明王朝与西域诸国之间通贡关系的建立，既是对洪武年间西域政策的延续和发展；同时对其后几代皇帝在处理西域问题上产生了积极的影响；也对今天我们处理疆域问题有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the relationship between the Ming Yongle period and the Western States as the object of study, through the collection and arrangement of a large amount of historical data, on the basis of absorbing the previous research achievements, tries to analyze and discuss it from the following aspects. Trying to show the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Western States in Yongle period, we have a clear understanding of it. First, in the early Ming Dynasty (Hongwu, Yongle years) the management of the Western region. The purpose of managing the Western regions in the early Ming Dynasty was: first, to guard against the alliance between the forces of the Northern Yuan Dynasty and the countries of the Western regions, to establish the northwest barrier, and to alleviate the pressure on the northern border guards; second, to expand their own rule, to open the commercial way of the Western region, and to strengthen the economy with the countries of the Western region. Cultural exchange Its main measures are to establish the seven-Wei Kansai, and to send the countries of the Western region to establish friendly relations with them. The establishment of friendly relations between the Ming Dynasty and the Western regions was mainly realized in the form of tribute. Therefore, the analysis of "the management of the Western regions in the early Ming Dynasty" is the premise of studying the "tributary relations" between the early Ming Dynasty and the Western States, and the basis of this paper. Second, Yongle years from the Western States to the Ming Dynasty tribute. This content is the focus of this paper. On the basis of the historical data of the "Western States" in Ming Shi Lu, Ming Dian and Ming History, the author divides the countries of the Western regions which came to pay tribute in Yongle years into two categories according to their geographical location (the present Xinjiang region is a kind of category: this Central Asia, The West Asia region is a class, and one by one is listed. Through the analysis of the specific conditions of the tributes paid by various countries, the characteristics, types and nature of the tributes are summed up, and through the analysis of the tributes, it is proved that the Ming Dynasty and the Western regions paid tribute not only for political reasons, but also for political reasons. The pursuit of good horses in the Western region is also one of its aims. Third, the tribute system of Yongle years. The tributary system was gradually formed and perfected in the process of establishing the tributary relations between the two sides, thus playing the role of regulating and restraining the tributary affairs. Through the collection of a large number of data, the author mainly from the general provisions of the tribute, such as the tribute Road, tribute period, tribute scale, tribute etiquette, the Ming Dynasty to the Western States of tribute back, reward, canonization and the life treatment of envoys; And related to the tributary affairs and other aspects of the Yongle years of tributary system. Fourth, Yongle years sent to the Western States missions. This content is also the focus of this paper. Yongle Ming Dynasty sent more than 30 missions to the Western region. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty's missions to the Western regions and the relationship between the missions of the Ming Dynasty and the various countries. In addition, Chen Cheng's missions to the Western regions and Zheng he's voyages to the West were the models of land silk trade and maritime silk road trade respectively, so the two were comparatively studied. The author compares the background, scale, purpose and influence of the mission, analyzes the similarities and differences between the two, and discusses the significance and influence of Chen Cheng's mission to the Western region. In short, the establishment of the tributary relationship between Ming Dynasty and the Western States during Yongle period was not only the continuation and development of the policy of the Western region during the Hongwu period, but also had a positive impact on the subsequent generations of emperors in dealing with the problems of the Western regions. Also has certain reference significance to us to deal with the territory question today.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K248
本文编号：2288609
[Abstract]:This paper takes the relationship between the Ming Yongle period and the Western States as the object of study, through the collection and arrangement of a large amount of historical data, on the basis of absorbing the previous research achievements, tries to analyze and discuss it from the following aspects. Trying to show the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Western States in Yongle period, we have a clear understanding of it. First, in the early Ming Dynasty (Hongwu, Yongle years) the management of the Western region. The purpose of managing the Western regions in the early Ming Dynasty was: first, to guard against the alliance between the forces of the Northern Yuan Dynasty and the countries of the Western regions, to establish the northwest barrier, and to alleviate the pressure on the northern border guards; second, to expand their own rule, to open the commercial way of the Western region, and to strengthen the economy with the countries of the Western region. Cultural exchange Its main measures are to establish the seven-Wei Kansai, and to send the countries of the Western region to establish friendly relations with them. The establishment of friendly relations between the Ming Dynasty and the Western regions was mainly realized in the form of tribute. Therefore, the analysis of "the management of the Western regions in the early Ming Dynasty" is the premise of studying the "tributary relations" between the early Ming Dynasty and the Western States, and the basis of this paper. Second, Yongle years from the Western States to the Ming Dynasty tribute. This content is the focus of this paper. On the basis of the historical data of the "Western States" in Ming Shi Lu, Ming Dian and Ming History, the author divides the countries of the Western regions which came to pay tribute in Yongle years into two categories according to their geographical location (the present Xinjiang region is a kind of category: this Central Asia, The West Asia region is a class, and one by one is listed. Through the analysis of the specific conditions of the tributes paid by various countries, the characteristics, types and nature of the tributes are summed up, and through the analysis of the tributes, it is proved that the Ming Dynasty and the Western regions paid tribute not only for political reasons, but also for political reasons. The pursuit of good horses in the Western region is also one of its aims. Third, the tribute system of Yongle years. The tributary system was gradually formed and perfected in the process of establishing the tributary relations between the two sides, thus playing the role of regulating and restraining the tributary affairs. Through the collection of a large number of data, the author mainly from the general provisions of the tribute, such as the tribute Road, tribute period, tribute scale, tribute etiquette, the Ming Dynasty to the Western States of tribute back, reward, canonization and the life treatment of envoys; And related to the tributary affairs and other aspects of the Yongle years of tributary system. Fourth, Yongle years sent to the Western States missions. This content is also the focus of this paper. Yongle Ming Dynasty sent more than 30 missions to the Western region. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty's missions to the Western regions and the relationship between the missions of the Ming Dynasty and the various countries. In addition, Chen Cheng's missions to the Western regions and Zheng he's voyages to the West were the models of land silk trade and maritime silk road trade respectively, so the two were comparatively studied. The author compares the background, scale, purpose and influence of the mission, analyzes the similarities and differences between the two, and discusses the significance and influence of Chen Cheng's mission to the Western region. In short, the establishment of the tributary relationship between Ming Dynasty and the Western States during Yongle period was not only the continuation and development of the policy of the Western region during the Hongwu period, but also had a positive impact on the subsequent generations of emperors in dealing with the problems of the Western regions. Also has certain reference significance to us to deal with the territory question today.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K248
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 姚胜;明代土鲁番研究[D];中央民族大学;2009年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 吴琴峰;明洪武永乐时期对河西地区的经营[D];兰州大学;2011年
本文编号：2288609
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