县所两相报纳:湖南永明县“四大民瑶”的生存策略

发布时间：2018-10-30 14:15

【摘要】：洪武末年,明王朝在楚粤之交的永明县增设桃川、枇杷二千户所。卫所军屯在"抛荒绝户田"上进行,从而引致卫所与州县之间犬牙交错状态的形成。部分瑶人凭藉"垦耕守隘"的承诺,由"生瑶"转化为"熟瑶",并享受到优免赋役的特权。随着明中叶卫所军事功能的弱化和军屯的废弛,瑶人对承担屯田籽粒抑或州县赋役钱粮具体比例的选择相应发生改变。募兵法改革使军队来源更加多元化,也促成瑶人脱离军事系统进入地方行政系统的进程加快。入清以后,卫所改制、土地清丈和单设学额等新制度的推行,深刻地影响着瑶族自我凝聚的进程,"熟瑶"群体内部开始出现分化,导致"四大民瑶"的格局最终成型。
[Abstract]:Hongwu late, the Ming Dynasty in the intersection of Chu and Guangdong Yongming County set up Taochuan, loquat 2000 homes. Wei Institute military Tun in the "abandoned field", resulting in the formation of a state of interlacing between the state and county. By virtue of the promise of "cultivated land and guard pass", some Yao people have been transformed from "born Yao" to "familiar Yao" and enjoy the privilege of preferential and non-servitude. With the weakening of military function and the wastage of military villages in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Yao people's choice of the specific proportion of the grain or the state and county taxes and grain was changed accordingly. The reform of the recruitment law has diversified the sources of the army and accelerated the process of the Yao people leaving the military system and entering the local administration system. After entering the Qing Dynasty, the reform of the Wei Institute, the implementation of the new system, such as clearing the land and setting up only the school places, profoundly affected the process of self-agglomeration of the Yao nationality, and the differentiation of the "familiar Yao" group began to appear, leading to the formation of the pattern of "the four Damiyao".
【作者单位】：中山大学历史地理研究中心;
【基金】：中山大学重大项目培育资助计划(项目号13WKJC05) 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(项目号12JZD013)的资助
【分类号】：K248

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