明代南京守备研究
发布时间：2018-10-30 14:31
【摘要】：1368年明太祖朱元璋即皇帝位,定都南京。明成祖永乐十八年,迁都北京,南京成为留都。自永乐十九年至明亡,南京俱保留一套中央政府机构,包括文职系统的大小九卿,武职系统的五军都督府,以及内臣系统的二十四监局。南京所设立的中央政府机构,与北京同级机构相比,由于政务简省,权力作用远远不及。明人视南京为根本之地,格外留心其安全守卫,南京所设各机构的核心任务为守备留都南京,自永乐末至景泰初,逐渐形成了一套独特的南京守备制度,直至明亡。 南京守备官员来自内臣、武臣、文臣三个系统,由内守备数人(内臣),外守备一人、协同守备一人(武臣),参赞机务(文臣)一人组成,共同负责南京的安全事务。内守备统领南京内臣各机构,外守备、协同守备统辖南京五军都督府及所属各卫所,参赞机务主持南京兵部日常事务。 与外臣文武相比,南京内守备职掌更广泛,外臣掌管的军国大事,内守备亦有权参与,而南京内府各监局则由其主管。由于得到皇帝的信任和支持,内臣常常凌驾于外臣之上,实际成为第三股势力,内守备在维护南京安全稳定方面亦常起重要作用。 南京外守备、协同守备多由勋臣担任,明代勋臣在建国初期位高权重,明初以后武臣权力为文臣所取代,南京外守备、协同守备在维护南京安全中所起的作用不如参赞机务,至于得到皇帝的信任,亦不如内守备,多备位而已。 参赞机务多由南京兵部尚书担任,南京各机构中,南京兵部最重要,参赞机务的官衔品级次于南京外守备,权力大于外守备,实际上主持南京守备事务,对南京安全往往起决策作用。 南京守备制度是始自永乐二十二年直至明亡,长达二百余年的一种安全制度,是留都南京最重要的政治军事制度。南京内守备、外守备、协同守备、参赞机务同负守护留都重任,在此期间,南京没有发生严重的军事威胁,城池未受到严重的破坏,人民亦能安居乐业。南京的安全与整个政治军事大环境有关,与南京有利的地理因素有关,亦与南京守备这一较为稳定的安全制度有关。南京守备制度延续二百余年,一直未发生较大变化,官员亦为职务最高的内外文武官员,可视为明代职务等级最高,官员设置最完备,制度最为稳定的军事安全制度,有着鲜明的特点,对南京及南直隶的安全起着重要作用。
[Abstract]:In 1368, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the capital of Nanjing. Ming Chengzu Yongle eighteen years, the capital of Beijing, Nanjing became a capital. From 19 years to the end of Ming dynasty, Nanjing maintained a central government institution, including the civil service system, the government house of the five armed services, and the 24 bureau of the civil service system Compared with its counterparts in Beijing, the central government institutions set up in Nanjing are far less powerful than those in Beijing. The Ming people regarded Nanjing as the fundamental land and paid special attention to its security guards. The core task of the institutions set up in Nanjing was to keep the capital of Nanjing. From the end of Yongle to the beginning of Jingtai, a set of unique Nanjing guard system was gradually formed, until the Ming Dynasty died. Nanjing garrison officials come from the three systems of internal minister, military minister and civil minister. They are composed of several internal guards (inner ministers), one guard outside, one assistant guard (Wu Chen), and one counsellor (civil minister), who are jointly responsible for Nanjing's security affairs. In charge of the Nanjing Nei-Chen agencies, outside the garrison, the Government Office of the five Nanjing armed forces and their subordinate offices, counselors presided over the day-to-day affairs of the Nanjing Department of the Armed Forces. Compared with foreign ministers, civil and military, Nanking has more extensive military duties. Foreign ministers also have the right to participate in military affairs, while the Neifu bureaus in Nanjing are in charge of military affairs. As a result of the emperor's trust and support, the inner ministers often superseded the foreign ministers, and actually became the third force, and the internal defense often played an important role in safeguarding Nanjing's security and stability. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the officials of the Ming Dynasty were in a high position. After the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the power of military ministers was replaced by the military ministers. Outside Nanjing, the role of coordinated defense in maintaining Nanjing's security was not as good as that played by counselors in the maintenance of Nanjing's security. As for gaining the trust of the emperor, it is better to keep a guard inside than to reserve more places. Most of the counselors' machinery affairs are held by the Shang Shu of the Nanjing military Department. Among the Nanjing organs, the Nanjing military Department is the most important one. The rank of official rank of the counsellor's machinery affairs is inferior to that of the outside of Nanjing, and the power is greater than that of the outside guard. In fact, he is in charge of the Nanjing defense affairs. Nanjing security often plays a decision-making role. The system of keeping guard in Nanjing was a security system for more than two hundred years from Yongle 22 years to the death of Ming Dynasty. It was the most important political and military system in Nanjing. During this period, Nanjing had no serious military threat, no serious damage to the city, and the people could live and work in peace and contentment. The security of Nanjing is related to the whole political and military environment, to the favorable geographical factors of Nanjing, and to the relatively stable security system of Nanjing. Nanjing's garrison system continued for more than two hundred years and has not undergone great changes. Officials are also domestic and foreign civil and military officials with the highest posts. They can be regarded as military security systems with the highest rank of posts, the most complete and stable system of military security for officials in the Ming Dynasty. It has distinct characteristics and plays an important role in the safety of Nanjing and Nanzhili.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691.4;K248
本文编号：2300270
[Abstract]:In 1368, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the capital of Nanjing. Ming Chengzu Yongle eighteen years, the capital of Beijing, Nanjing became a capital. From 19 years to the end of Ming dynasty, Nanjing maintained a central government institution, including the civil service system, the government house of the five armed services, and the 24 bureau of the civil service system Compared with its counterparts in Beijing, the central government institutions set up in Nanjing are far less powerful than those in Beijing. The Ming people regarded Nanjing as the fundamental land and paid special attention to its security guards. The core task of the institutions set up in Nanjing was to keep the capital of Nanjing. From the end of Yongle to the beginning of Jingtai, a set of unique Nanjing guard system was gradually formed, until the Ming Dynasty died. Nanjing garrison officials come from the three systems of internal minister, military minister and civil minister. They are composed of several internal guards (inner ministers), one guard outside, one assistant guard (Wu Chen), and one counsellor (civil minister), who are jointly responsible for Nanjing's security affairs. In charge of the Nanjing Nei-Chen agencies, outside the garrison, the Government Office of the five Nanjing armed forces and their subordinate offices, counselors presided over the day-to-day affairs of the Nanjing Department of the Armed Forces. Compared with foreign ministers, civil and military, Nanking has more extensive military duties. Foreign ministers also have the right to participate in military affairs, while the Neifu bureaus in Nanjing are in charge of military affairs. As a result of the emperor's trust and support, the inner ministers often superseded the foreign ministers, and actually became the third force, and the internal defense often played an important role in safeguarding Nanjing's security and stability. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the officials of the Ming Dynasty were in a high position. After the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the power of military ministers was replaced by the military ministers. Outside Nanjing, the role of coordinated defense in maintaining Nanjing's security was not as good as that played by counselors in the maintenance of Nanjing's security. As for gaining the trust of the emperor, it is better to keep a guard inside than to reserve more places. Most of the counselors' machinery affairs are held by the Shang Shu of the Nanjing military Department. Among the Nanjing organs, the Nanjing military Department is the most important one. The rank of official rank of the counsellor's machinery affairs is inferior to that of the outside of Nanjing, and the power is greater than that of the outside guard. In fact, he is in charge of the Nanjing defense affairs. Nanjing security often plays a decision-making role. The system of keeping guard in Nanjing was a security system for more than two hundred years from Yongle 22 years to the death of Ming Dynasty. It was the most important political and military system in Nanjing. During this period, Nanjing had no serious military threat, no serious damage to the city, and the people could live and work in peace and contentment. The security of Nanjing is related to the whole political and military environment, to the favorable geographical factors of Nanjing, and to the relatively stable security system of Nanjing. Nanjing's garrison system continued for more than two hundred years and has not undergone great changes. Officials are also domestic and foreign civil and military officials with the highest posts. They can be regarded as military security systems with the highest rank of posts, the most complete and stable system of military security for officials in the Ming Dynasty. It has distinct characteristics and plays an important role in the safety of Nanjing and Nanzhili.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691.4;K248
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王波;明朝江防制度探讨[J];江海学刊;1996年03期
，本文编号：2300270
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