明代南京官房考

发布时间：2019-01-01 18:01

【摘要】：洪武时期,南京官员、坊厢居民、卫所军士以及工匠、太学生等所住房屋多由政府统一营建。这些廊房、营房、廨舍都具有官房的性质,且有相应的分配与管理制度。官员廨舍由工部负责登记、分配与维修,民住廊房由五城兵马司征收房钞并上交户部,军伍营房由兵部掌管。至嘉靖时期,明初的官廨制度几乎崩溃,民占官舍、官僦民居,工部已无力监管,大批官房由官产变为私产。兵部则对营房征收租银,军士不再享有免费住房。而对民住廊房征收房钞的制度则一直延续至明末。明代南京的官房制度及其变迁从一个侧面折射出政治因素,尤其是洪武时期的都城规划、徙实京师政策以及永乐北迁对城市社会的深远影响。
[Abstract]:In Hongwu period, Nanjing officials, Fangxiang residents, Sgt. Wei, craftsmen, students and other houses were built by the government. These portico houses, barracks and mixed houses all have the nature of official houses, and have corresponding distribution and management system. The Ministry of Industry was responsible for the registration, distribution and maintenance of the offices. The houses were collected and handed over to the Ministry of Housing by the five cities, and the military barracks were under the control of the Department of the Armed Forces. During the period of Jiajing, the system of the mixed Court almost collapsed in the early Ming Dynasty, the people occupied the official residence, the official house became the official residence, the Ministry of Industry was unable to supervise, and a large number of official houses changed from official property to private property. The Department of War collects money from the barracks and officers no longer enjoy free housing. And the people living in the corridor of the housing system was continued until the end of the Ming Dynasty. The official house system and its vicissitude in the Ming Dynasty reflected the political factors from one side, especially the planning of capital city in Hongwu period, the policy of relocating to the capital and the far-reaching influence of Yongle's moving to the north on the city society.
【作者单位】：南京大学历史学系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(12YJC770042) 国家社科基金重大招标项目(10&ZD069) 南京大学人文基金项目
【分类号】：K248

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