蒙古对俄罗斯的统治及其影响

发布时间：2019-01-04 12:10

【摘要】：从1237年到1480年,蒙古征服并统治俄罗斯长达两百四十余年。论文从蒙古征服并统治俄罗斯的历史史实入手,通过分析蒙古金帐汗国统治前后俄罗斯在制度建设、文学艺术和社会生活等方面的变化,来考证蒙古统治对俄罗斯社会文化发展所造成的各种影响。论文在研究中主要采用了对比研究法,对搜集到的大量素材一一加以认真考证,通过历史比较得出相应结论。论从史出,根据已有资料对历史进行客观合理推论是本研究的重要论证方法。近年来俄罗斯在考古方面的一些研究成果为我们的分析与考证提供了最具说服力的一手资料。此外,语言学的研究方法也是历史研究中不可或缺的一个途径。社会的变迁必然要在语言中留下痕迹。通过对俄语中的蒙古借词和一些俄语熟语的研究,我们从中找到了许多古风民俗的起源和文化影响的印迹。论文由前言、正文和结语三部分组成。前言部分主要介绍了论文选题的旨趣和研究意义、中俄学术界的研究状况、论文写作中应用的研究方法以及论文的创新与不足。正文共分为四章。各章内容如下：第一章“蒙古的统治”回顾了蒙古统治俄罗斯的历史,分析了学界关于蒙古统治影响的一些主要观点,通过对比分析蒙古统治对俄罗斯经济建设、文化传播、东西贸易与文明相互作用等几个方面的问题,阐述了作者对这一问题的看法与出发点：历史研究中要秉持辩证唯物主义的研究方法,对蒙古统治的影响不能一概而论,不能只看其中的一面而忽视另一面。第二章“制度的变化”借助俄罗斯学界的一手研究资料,通过对蒙古统治前后俄罗斯各项制度的考证与对比,论证了蒙古统治对俄罗斯的政治、法律、军事、税收、户籍、邮驿、答刺罕等各项制度所产生的影响。第三章“文学艺术的变化”通过考证与对比蒙古统治前后俄罗斯的文学、建筑和绘画艺术的发展情况,借助俄罗斯与乌克兰等地的最新考古发掘成果,论证了蒙古统治对俄罗斯的文学和艺术发展所产生的影响。第四章“社会生活的变化”通过对蒙古统治前后俄罗斯东正教信仰以及社会风习的变化,考证了蒙古统治在俄罗斯社会生活中留下的种种至今无法磨灭的印迹。结语部分总结了前文论证的结果,认为：在承认蒙古入侵对俄罗斯造成沉重打击和严重破坏的前提下,蒙古长达近两个半世纪的统治对俄罗斯的确产生了巨大影响。其中包括：蒙古的征服和统治间接促进了整个欧亚大陆包括俄罗斯在内的文化交流,为俄罗斯的社会文化发展提供了广阔的空间。可以说,蒙古统治改变了俄罗斯的文化发展方向,它让东方元素成为俄罗斯文化中无可争辩的组成部分。
[Abstract]:From 1237 to 1480, Mongolia conquered and ruled Russia for more than 240 years. Starting with the historical facts of Mongolian conquest and domination of Russia, this paper analyzes the changes in the system construction, literature and art and social life of Russia before and after the reign of Mongolia's Golden account and Khan Kingdom. To verify the Mongolian rule on the Russian social and cultural development caused by various effects. In the research, the paper mainly adopts the method of contrast research, and makes a careful textual research on the large amount of materials collected, and draws the corresponding conclusions through historical comparison. From the history, it is an important argumentation method of this study to infer the history objectively and reasonably according to the existing data. In recent years, some achievements in archaeological research in Russia have provided us with the most convincing first-hand data for our analysis and textual research. In addition, linguistic research method is also an indispensable way in the study of history. The changes of society must leave traces in language. Through the study of Mongolian loanwords and some Russian idioms in Russian, we find the origin and cultural influence of many ancient customs and customs. The thesis consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly introduces the purport and significance of the topic selection, the research status of Chinese and Russian academic circles, the research methods applied in the thesis writing, and the innovation and deficiency of the thesis. The text is divided into four chapters. The contents of each chapter are as follows: the first chapter reviews the history of Mongolian rule over Russia, analyzes some major viewpoints of academic circles on the influence of Mongolian rule, and compares Mongolian rule to Russian economic construction and cultural transmission. This paper expounds the author's views and starting points on the interaction between East and West Trade and Civilization: the historical research should adhere to the dialectical materialism research method, and the influence on Mongolian rule cannot be generalized. Don't look at one side and ignore the other. The second chapter, "the change of the system", with the help of the primary research data of the Russian academic circles, through the textual research and comparison of the Russian institutions before and after the Mongolian rule, demonstrates the political, legal, military, tax, household registration of the Mongolian rule over Russia. The influence of various systems, such as postal post, etc. The third chapter, "changes of Literature and Art", through textual research and comparison of the development of Russian literature, architecture and painting art before and after Mongolian rule, with the help of the latest archaeological excavations in Russia and Ukraine, It demonstrates the influence of Mongolian rule on the development of Russian literature and art. Chapter four, "the change of Social Life", through the changes of Russian Orthodox beliefs and social customs before and after the Mongolian rule, examines the indelible imprinting left by Mongolian rule in Russian social life. The conclusion part summarizes the results of the previous argument and holds that Mongolia's rule for nearly two and a half centuries has had a great impact on Russia on the premise of admitting that the Mongolian invasion caused heavy blows and serious damage to Russia. Among them: the conquest and domination of Mongolia indirectly promoted the cultural exchange in the whole Eurasia, including Russia, and provided a broad space for the social and cultural development of Russia. It can be said that the rule of Mongolia has changed the direction of Russian cultural development and made the Eastern elements an indisputable part of Russian culture.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K247

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