北朝灾害史研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 08:59

【摘要】： 北朝在中国中古时代的承启前后作用使得北朝地位极为重要，本篇考察了北朝的灾荒情况，政府的荒政、民间的救灾抗灾状况及灾害对北朝社会的影响等问题。根据灾害发生的状况，，本文对北朝一百九十五年时间里灾害发生的纵向分布大致划分了几个时期，并就气象、农作物、地震、饥荒等灾害在北朝时期的发生情况划分了时期，根据灾害发生的频率，北朝灾害时段有多发期与少发期。北魏前期灾害记载十分少，本文认为其原因是北魏前期诸史官记载史事简略，不受重视的农业的相关灾害更很少能得以记录，到了魏收著书的时代，又经过了数次巨烈的社会动荡，遗落了许多，只有作为“灾祥”的标志及间接载于其它史料的灾害才有幸会被记载下来。北朝政府的救灾防灾措施相对完备，而且有其与前朝不同的独特之处，对后来的隋唐有一定影响。北朝民间社会组织对于政府的相对独立性较强，故民间的备荒防灾、抗灾措施比较发达。成书于北齐时的《齐民要术》一书内也有大量的关于防灾备灾的内容。就北朝时期灾害的思想方面，本文认为是有一个从天象运行学说占据了主流到灾害天谴说占据主流地位的变化的过程。
[Abstract]:The role of the Northern Dynasty in the middle ancient times of China made the status of the Northern Dynasty extremely important. This paper examines the famine situation of the Northern Dynasty, the famine policy of the government, the disaster relief and disaster resistance of the folk, and the impact of the disaster on the society of the Northern Dynasty, and so on. According to the occurrence of disasters, this paper roughly divided the vertical distribution of disasters in 195 years of the Northern Dynasty into several periods, and divided the period of occurrence of meteorological, crop, earthquake, famine and other disasters in the Northern Dynasty. According to the frequency of disasters, there are frequent and less frequent disasters in Northern Dynasty. There are very few records of disasters in the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The reason for this is that the history of the early period of the Northern Wei Dynasty was very brief, and the disasters related to agriculture which were not paid much attention to were seldom recorded. After several violent social upheavals, many of them have been left behind. Only as a symbol of disaster and indirectly contained in other historical materials can disasters be recorded. The disaster relief measures of the Northern Dynasty were relatively complete, and had their own differences from those of the previous dynasties, which had certain influence on the later Sui and Tang dynasties. The relative independence of civil society organizations to the government in the Northern Dynasty is relatively strong, so the folk disaster prevention and anti-disaster measures are relatively developed. There is also a lot of contents about disaster prevention and preparedness in the book "Qi Min Yao Shu" written in the Northern Qi Dynasty. As for the thought of disaster in the Northern Dynasty, this paper holds that there is a changing process from the theory of the operation of celestial phenomena occupying the mainstream to the theory of scourge of disasters occupying the mainstream position.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K239.2

【引证文献】