隋唐时期僧尼角色研究

发布时间：2019-03-19 14:25

【摘要】：本文运用社会学的角色理论,通过掌握的各种史料特别是石刻史料,分析了隋唐时期僧尼的理想角色、实际角色,并对这一时期僧尼角色冲突的特点及原因进行了考察。首先,关于隋唐社会所认可的僧尼的理想角色。当时的广大僧尼对于僧尼的理想角色有着清晰的认识,他们崇奉戒行高洁之僧尼,鄙弃违戒破戒之僧尼。从时人的言论及他们对僧尼的态度可以看出,社会对僧尼应该做什么、不应该做什么都有明确的规范和要求。隋唐时期的法律对于僧尼违法犯戒的行为,也有严格的处罚规定。史实表明,隋唐社会对僧尼的期望与要求主要是持守戒律、超脱尘俗、脱离家庭。其次,关于隋唐时期的僧尼的实际角色。隋唐时期,有的僧尼是勇于实践僧尼的理想角色的,他们不为名利所动,能够持守戒律、超脱尘俗、脱离家庭;有的僧尼违背了戒律规定,超越了传统的出家观念,他们或饮酒食肉,或过问政治军事,或追名逐利。有的僧尼还与世俗家庭保持着密切联系,甚至死后以俗法安葬。有的僧尼还俗,有的僧尼弃佛入道,不再实践僧尼角色。再次,关于隋唐时期的僧尼角色冲突。隋唐时期的僧尼的角色冲突,在不同的历史阶段表现出不同的特点,隋朝时期僧尼的角色冲突不太明显,而唐朝时期,僧尼的角色冲突非常明显,而且不断地加深。导致僧尼角色冲突的原因很多,除了社会方面的原因之外,还有僧尼自身的原因。隋唐时期,许多僧尼不再实践僧尼的理想角色,他们“出世而入世”,“出家而有家”。对他们而言,“出家人”的名号也就失去了其实际意义。隋唐时期僧尼的角色冲突,是隋唐社会及僧尼自身等多种因素综合作用的结果,是佛教在中国发展的必然趋势。而随着社会的变化,隋唐时期僧尼的理想角色发生了变化,僧尼的角色冲突也在不断地发生变化。本文对于隋唐时期僧尼的理想角色和实际角色的分析,以及对僧尼角色冲突的特点及原因的揭示,再次有力地证明了隋唐时期佛教中国化及世俗化的完成。
[Abstract]:Based on the role theory of sociology, this paper analyzes the ideal role and actual role of monks and nuns in Sui and Tang dynasties through various historical materials, especially stone carvings, and investigates the characteristics and causes of the conflict between the roles of monks and nuns in this period. First of all, on the Sui and Tang dynasties recognized the ideal role of monks and nuns. At that time the majority of monks and nuns had a clear understanding of the ideal role of monks and nuns, they worshiped the monks and nuns who obeyed the precepts, and despised the monks and nuns who broke the precepts. From what people say and their attitude towards monks and nuns, it can be seen that there are clear norms and requirements for what society should do and what should not be done by monks and nuns. The laws of Sui and Tang dynasties also have strict penalties for monks and nuns to commit illegal and abstinent acts. Historical facts show that the expectations and demands of monks and nuns in Sui and Tang dynasties are mainly adherence to the precepts, breaking away from the dust and vulgarity, and breaking away from the family. Secondly, the actual role of monks and nuns in Sui and Tang dynasties. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, some monks and nuns were brave to practice the ideal role of monks and nuns. They were not moved by fame and wealth, and they were able to uphold the precepts and break away from the vulgarity and family. Some monks and nuns broke the precepts and went beyond the traditional idea of being a prodigal, drinking and eating meat, asking about political and military affairs, or pursuing fame and wealth. Some monks and nuns also maintain close ties with secular families, even buried in common law after death. Some monks and nuns are still vulgar, some monks and nuns abandon Buddhism into the Tao, no longer practice the role of monks and nuns. Again, on the Sui and Tang dynasties the role of monks and nuns conflict. The role conflict between monks and nuns in the Sui and Tang dynasties showed different characteristics in different historical stages. The role conflict between monks and nuns in the Sui Dynasty was not very obvious, while in the Tang Dynasty, the role conflict between the monks and nuns was very obvious and deepened. There are many reasons for the conflict between monks and nuns, besides the social reasons, the monks and nuns themselves. In Sui and Tang dynasties, many monks and nuns no longer practiced the ideal role of monks and nuns. As far as they are concerned, the name of "the Pioneer" also loses its practical meaning. The conflict of the roles of monks and nuns in Sui and Tang dynasties is the result of many factors, such as the society of Sui and Tang dynasties and the monks and nuns themselves, and it is the inevitable trend of Buddhism development in China. With the change of society, the ideal role of monks and nuns changed in Sui and Tang dynasties, and the conflict of roles between monks and nuns was constantly changing. This paper analyzes the ideal and actual roles of monks and nuns in Sui and Tang dynasties, and reveals the characteristics and reasons of the conflict between monks and nuns, which proves once again the completion of Buddhism's Sinicization and secularization in Sui and Tang dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K242;K241

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