道光三十年道士薛执中在京“编造妖言”案档案

发布时间：2018-03-16 16:01

本文选题：军机大臣　切入点：海枚　出处：《历史档案》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：自古以来,神鬼巫术始终浸透于政治与生活之中。“左道旁门”“倡立邪教,传徒惑众”,既会削弱儒家正统思想的坚守,影响社会的稳定,更是对皇帝威权的挑战。大清律例对“妄布妖言”、“妄谈国家祸福、世道盛衰”、“师巫假降邪神,画符咒水”等“左道异端之术”,都规定了严厉的处罚措施。道光三十年(1850年)六月,咸丰帝登基不久,京城发生了薛执中案。从西北来到京城的道士薛执中因“编造妖言”而被捕下狱,咸丰帝令军机大臣会同宗人府、刑部严行审讯,并要求牵涉此案的大臣明白回奏。在罪名认定上,刑部、军机大臣、宗人府发生分歧,给出了三种量刑。刑部从律例的角度考量,将薛执中定为“监禁二十年,仍调发炓龙江给披甲为奴”;宗人府和军机大臣则更多地从政治方面考虑,分别拟定为绞监候和斩监候。最终咸丰帝以“藉医招摇,行踪诡秘,到处煽惑人心,所写书信,擅议时政,妄谈休咎”等罪名,将薛执中定为斩监候,秋后处决。所有曾与薛执中交往的宗室大员都受到不同程度的处分。由此案可以管窥清统治者对“左道异端”打击严厉甚至宁枉勿纵的政策。现从馆藏宫中朱批奏折、军机处录副奏折、军机处上谕档中辑录相关史料,供研究参考。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, the witchcraft of gods and ghosts has always been immersed in politics and life. "the left way by the door" "advocating evil cults, spreading acts of confusion" will not only weaken the adherence of Confucian orthodoxy, but also affect the stability of society. It is also a challenge to the authority of emperors. In the Qing Dynasty, the laws and regulations "pretends evil words", "falsehood and evil talk about the country, prosperity and decline of the world", and "master witches and false deities," "the art of incantation of the left", such as the art of charming water, prescribes severe penalties. Thirty years (1850) of Daoguang, soon after Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne on June, Xue Zhengzhong, a Taoist priest who came to the capital from the northwest, was arrested and imprisoned for "fabricating evil words." Emperor Xianfeng ordered the military aircraft minister to live in the people's house, and the torture department strictly interrogated him. They also asked the ministers involved in the case to understand and play back. On the conviction of the charges, the Criminal Department, the Minister of military aircraft, and the Zong people's House were divided and gave three kinds of sentencing. The Ministry of torture considered Xue as "20 years' imprisonment" from the perspective of the laws and regulations. He still sends the Dragon River to the armour as a slave, "and the officials of the people's House and the military aircraft have more political considerations, and have drawn up, respectively, a warden and a chopping prison. Finally, Xianfeng Emperor used to" stir up people's hearts and write letters by means of medical treatment, mysterious movements, arousing people everywhere, " He was good at discussing current politics, talking about the blame of Xiu, and so on, and decided Xue Zhengzhong to wait for him to be chopped up in prison. Executed after autumn. All the members of the clan who had been in contact with Xue Zhenzhong were punished to varying degrees. From this case, one can see the ruler's policy of cracking down on "leftist heresy" or even perverting it. The military aircraft department record the collateral notes, military aircraft on the oracle document in the compilation of relevant historical materials for research reference.
【作者单位】：中国第一历史档案馆;

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