抗战时期河南灾荒和救济研究

发布时间:2018-10-18 20:27
【摘要】:河南自古以来就是一个多灾多难的省份,水、旱、蝗等灾荒不断上演。抗战时期,发生在河南的灾荒更是层出不穷,1938年花园口事件造成的水灾、1942-1943年的旱灾、1943-1944年的蝗灾等三次较为严重的灾荒,给河南人民带来深重的灾难,为了应对灾荒,国民党政府、共产党所领导的抗日根据地甚至日伪政权都采取了一些措施,当然由于各自的出发点不同,这些措施所带来的实际效果也不尽相同。 本文回顾了抗战时期发生河南的灾荒问题,,对这一时期的灾荒状况进行描述,从自然和社会两方面进行重点分析了灾荒发生的原因,并对各类政权面对灾荒而采取的应对措施进行了综合评析,力争为当今应对灾荒中出现的新情况、新问题提供理论上的借鉴和实践上的指导。 本文将抗战时期河南灾荒的成因,以及救灾措施问题为研究重点,利用尽可能详细的资料,考察了这一时期灾荒状况及救灾措施,试图在学科交叉的背景下对研究这一时期的灾荒问题以及由此而带来的社会问题作出更为全面、深刻的理解和把握。具体而言,本文从四个部分进行论述:第一章,论述了抗战时期发生在河南的灾荒,以三次影响深远的灾荒为主要研究对象;第二章,从自然原因和社会原因两方面论述了灾荒发生的成因,并指出社会原因是其发生的主要原因;第三章,主要讲述了各类机构的赈灾救荒措施;第四章,对各类机构的赈灾救荒措施作出评价,总结经验教训,并对当前防灾、减灾和救灾工作提供有效的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Henan is a troubled province since ancient times, flood, drought, locust and other famine staged. During the Anti-Japanese War, the famine that occurred in Henan was even more endless. The floods caused by the Huayuankou incident in 1938, the drought in 1942-1943 and the locust plague in 1943-1944 brought serious disasters to the people of Henan. In order to cope with the famine, The Kuomintang government, the anti-Japanese base areas led by the Communist Party and even the Japanese-puppet regime have taken some measures. This paper reviews the famine in Henan during the War of Resistance against Japan, describes the situation of the famine in this period, and analyzes the causes of the famine from the natural and social aspects. In order to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the new situation and new problems in response to famine, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the measures taken by various political regimes in the face of famine. In this paper, the causes of Henan famine during the War of Resistance against Japan, as well as the problems of disaster relief measures, are taken as the focus of the research, and the situation of the famine and the disaster relief measures during this period are investigated by using as much detailed data as possible. This paper attempts to make a more comprehensive, profound understanding and grasp of the problem of famine and the social problems brought about by the study of famine in this period under the background of interdiscipline. Specifically, this paper discusses from four parts: the first chapter discusses the famine occurred in Henan during the War of Resistance against Japan, taking three times of far-reaching famine as the main research object, the second chapter, This paper discusses the causes of famine from two aspects of natural cause and social reason, and points out that social reason is the main cause of its occurrence. The measures of disaster relief and relief of various organizations are evaluated, the experiences and lessons are summarized, and effective reference significance is provided for the current disaster prevention, mitigation and relief work.
【学位授予单位】:西北师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:D632.5;K265

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