试论雍正朝密折荐人的作用

发布时间：2018-01-13 04:34

本文关键词：试论雍正朝密折荐人的作用　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：雍正即位之初，为加强中央集权，打击朋党，需要广罗大量人才为己所用，特沿用前朝密折制度，着重增加密折荐人这一内容，并将密折作为人才选任的另一个渠道，大肆进行推广。密折荐人应用广泛，在人才选任环节中起到独特作用，本文分三部分特对此进行研究：第一章主要介绍密折荐人的积极作用。首先，相对于常规选任制度而言，密折荐人具有更高效性，主要表现在流程上的方便快捷和时间上的灵活自主。密折荐人提高了官员选任的效率，短时间内取得成效。其次，，相对于常规选任制度的较多任用限制而言，密折荐人可以打破举荐亲属限制、满汉及资历限制，为朝廷提供更多选贤任能的机会。最后，密折荐人的广泛使用，为雍正输入大量的人事信息，以助雍正频繁使用特简授官。同时，密折荐人提升了地方督抚的选任权，也就相应的分夺了吏部在地方的人事任免权，吏部和督抚选任权力的制衡强化了雍正的官吏任用权。第二章主要介绍密折荐人的消极作用。一是相对于常规选任制度而言，密折荐人的内容有一定局限性，同时，具奏人的主观臆断会也会导致信息的片面，这些会造成雍正在采纳意见时产生偏差，甚至抉择错误。二是在密折荐人的过程中，因全凭具奏人个人意愿举荐官员，不可避免的会为官员徇私提供空间，以致徇私舞弊的现象越演越烈。第三章深入探究密折制度与常规选任制度的冲突与协调。密折制度在清代是“一种非常制参与”，它与常规选任制度共同作用于人才选任体系中，这种共存势必会造成冲突与碰撞。但它们之间存在着统一协调的支点，这便是专制皇权。在专制皇权的调控下，两种制度才能实现优势互补，有序运行。
[Abstract]:Yong Zheng ascended the throne at the beginning, to strengthen the centralization of power, the need to punish the clique, Luo with a lot of talent for their own use, especially the former secret discount system, with emphasis on increasing the content close off the sponsors, and will close off as another channel of talent selection, wantonly promotion. Close off sponsors can be used widely. Play a unique role in the talent selection process, this paper is divided into three parts to study:
The first chapter mainly introduces the positive role of close off sponsors. First, compared with the conventional selection system, close off the recommended one is more efficient, mainly in the process of the convenient time and the flexibility. The secret folding sponsors to improve the efficiency of selection of officials, within a short period of time to achieve results. Secondly, compared with the conventional system of selecting the more restriction close off the appointment, sponsors can break the restrictions and recommend relatives, the qualification limit, and provide more opportunities for the court. Finally, the widespread use of secret Memorial sponsors, input a large number of people to help information for Yong Zheng, Yong Zheng frequently used special Jane award. At the same time. Close off the sponsors to enhance the local governors elected right, also won the Ministry of personnel and personnel appointment and removal in place of the corresponding points, the Ministry of personnel and the governors elected powers strengthened Yong Zheng's appointment of officials.
The second chapter mainly introduces the negative effects of sponsors. A secret discount is compared with the conventional selection system, close off the sponsors the contents have certain limitations, at the same time, with people playing the subjective will also lead to one-sided information, these will result in bias in the adoption of Yong Zheng opinion, even two is a wrong choice. In the process of close off sponsors in all by playing out for people who wish to commend officials, inevitably will provide space for the officials that favoritism favoritism phenomenon intensified.
The third chapter explores the conflict and coordination of secret discount system and conventional selection system. Close off the system in the Qing Dynasty is a very system of participation, it with the conventional selection system play a role in the talent selection system, this coexistence is bound to cause the conflict and collision between them. But the fulcrum of unified coordination, it is the autocratic imperial power. In the regulation of autocratic monarchy under the two systems to achieve complementary advantages, orderly operation.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249.2

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