康熙帝宽大政治研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 04:28

本文关键词：康熙帝宽大政治研究　出处：《辽宁大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：康熙帝登基之初,清王朝的统治尚未得以完全巩固。历时多年的战争与动荡所造成的土地荒芜、人口锐减、经济凋敝的局面,虽在顺治后期得到了一定程度的缓解,但是社会经济萎靡的形势依旧严峻。此时,以辅政大臣为首的满洲亲贵保守势力,控制着国家政权。坚持推行与广大中原地区经济、文化不相适应的所谓“祖制家法”。而这些带有浓厚民族歧视和民族压迫色彩的政治、经济、文化政策的施行,致使满汉人民之间尖锐的民族隔阂无法迅速有效地消弭,社会秩序的稳定受到严重威胁,国民经济的恢复也变得异常缓慢和艰难。康熙帝在铲除鳌拜,亲自掌控统治权力之后,果断的废止了那些严重阻碍国家经济复苏,影响满汉民族关系的落后旧制。在维护统治秩序的同时,又在全国范围内广泛地实行蠲免、鼓励垦殖、保护商民利益等措施,大力发展以农业为重点的社会生产,使国家经济得以快速地恢复,且日趋繁荣。并在这一物质基础上,有效推动了国家统一的巩固和发展。为自康熙中叶以来,历经康、雍、乾三代,持续近百年的“盛世”,奠定了基础,拉开了序幕。这些辉煌成就的取得,都与康熙帝在其执政期间,坚定不移地奉行“崇尚宽大”的国家政策有着极为密切的联系。本文旨在对引领康熙帝施行“以宽大为本”的政治思想的形成以及康熙帝“施政尚宽”的原因进行初步地分析;对康熙帝为贯彻自己“以宽大为本”的政治思想而实行的一系列具体措施(如:广施蠲免、鼓励垦殖、保护商民等),在执行过程中所取得了成效和产生的弊端加以总结。康熙帝所长期坚持“崇尚宽大”的政治方针,对巩固国家多民族的统一,维护社会稳定,促进经济繁荣,提高综合国力都发挥了重要的积极作用。但是,康熙帝在其执政后期,过分强调“安静”的政治主张,也为地方亏空钱粮,政治机关行政效率地下,官员队伍腐化提供了契机。这些弊端的产生和形成对清代后世的政治活动同样产生了深刻的影响,也是本文着重探讨的内容之一。笔者相信,这一问题对我国现阶段社会主义建设也具有现实的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of Emperor Kangxi's reign, the rule of Qing Dynasty had not been fully consolidated. Although in the late Shunzhi has a certain degree of relief, but the social and economic malaise is still grim. At this time, the conservative forces of Manchuria, headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, controlled the state power and insisted on promoting the economy of the vast Central Plains. Culture does not adapt to the so-called "ancestral laws." and these with strong ethnic discrimination and ethnic oppression of the implementation of political, economic, cultural policies. The sharp national estrangement between Manchu and Han people could not be removed quickly and effectively, the stability of social order was seriously threatened, and the recovery of national economy became extremely slow and difficult. Emperor Kangxi in the eradication of worship, after taking control of the ruling power, decisively abolished those serious obstacles to the national economic recovery, affecting the Manchu Han ethnic relations in the backward old system, while maintaining the ruling order. On the other hand, it has been widely implemented in the whole country, encouraging reclamation and protecting the interests of businessmen and the people, so as to vigorously develop the social production with emphasis on agriculture, so that the national economy can be rapidly restored. And increasingly prosperous. And on the basis of this material, effectively promote the consolidation and development of national unity. For since the middle of Kangxi, after three generations of Kang, Yong, dry three generations, lasting for nearly a century of "prosperous times", laid the foundation. The curtain began. These brilliant achievements are closely related to Emperor Kangxi's unswerving national policy of "advocating leniency" during his reign. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a preliminary analysis of the formation of the political thought leading Emperor Kangxi to implement "leniency as the basis" and the reasons for Emperor Kangxi's "still lenient administration". A series of concrete measures carried out by Emperor Kangxi in order to carry out his political thought of "taking leniency as the basis" (such as: wide application of exemption, encouragement of reclamation, protection of the people of merchants, etc.). In the process of implementation has achieved results and shortcomings to sum up. Emperor Kangxi's long-term adherence to the policy of "advocating leniency" has played an important and positive role in consolidating the unity of the nation, maintaining social stability, promoting economic prosperity, and improving the overall national strength. However, in the late period of his reign, Emperor Kangxi overemphasized his "quiet" political proposition, which also resulted in a deficit of grain for the local government and the underground administrative efficiency of the political organs. Corruption of the ranks of officials provided an opportunity. The emergence and formation of these abuses also had a profound impact on the political activities of later Qing Dynasty, which is also one of the contents of this paper. This question also has the realistic reference significance to our country present stage socialism construction.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K249

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