试论明代的乡村社会控制

发布时间：2018-01-15 20:32

本文关键词：试论明代的乡村社会控制　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国古代的历代统治者都很重视对乡村社会的治理和控制,希望通过在基层社会设立基层组织来对基层社会进行权力渗透,从而更好地控制乡村社会。而由于地域广阔,交通不便等诸多因素的影响,其意愿往往不能得到很好的实现,明代亦是如此。明代对乡村的社会控制主要是通过对最低级地方政权即县的控制来达到的,而县官由于自身政务繁杂,再加上把大量的精力都放在财政税收上,往往不能在基层社会的治理上投入太多的精力。于是,在乡村设置的基层组织里老制、保甲制、乡约制便在明代乡村的治理上发挥其功效,使普通民众参与到基层社会的管理中,不但丰富了基层社会的权力结构体系,还使得乡村自治有进一步实现的可能。本文在整个明代的大背景下,透过对明代的基层社会中的基层组织的分析,解析明代的基层社会管理模式以及基层社会的权力结构体系。明初设立的里甲、老人制的设置以及其在乡村的职能,并且通过这些职能分析其如何在明代乡村实施有效的社会控制;明中叶以后,里老制由于社会矛盾的激化,流民等问题而败坏,保甲制和乡约制随之兴起,并基本继承了里老制在乡村社会的功用,保甲主治安,而乡村主教化。使得明政府通过在基层社会寻找代理人对基层社会进行权力渗透,并以此更好的实现对乡村的社会控制这一状态得以延续。当然,从另一层面,我们也可以看出,有明一代,在乡村的社会控制体系中,里长、老人、士绅、约长等基层权力掌握者对基层社会的治理表现出明显的乡村自治倾向。
[Abstract]:The rulers of ancient China have attached great importance to the governance and control of rural society, hoping to establish grass-roots organizations in the grass-roots society to carry out power infiltration. Because of the influence of many factors such as vast area, inconvenient transportation and other factors, the will of rural society could not be realized well, and so was the Ming Dynasty. The social control of the countryside in the Ming Dynasty was mainly achieved through the control of the lowest local regime, namely, the county, and the county officials, because of their complicated government affairs, and put a lot of energy on the fiscal and taxation. Often can not put too much energy on the governance of grass-roots society. Therefore, in the rural grassroots organizations set up in the old system, the system of protection, the rural contract system in the Ming Dynasty rural governance to play its role. The participation of ordinary people in the management of grass-roots society not only enriches the power structure system of grass-roots society, but also makes it possible for rural autonomy to be realized further. Under the background of the whole Ming Dynasty, through the analysis of the grass-roots organizations in the grass-roots society of the Ming Dynasty, this paper analyzes the basic social management model of the Ming Dynasty and the power structure system of the grass-roots society. The establishment of the system of the elderly and its functions in the countryside, and through these functions to analyze how to implement effective social control in the rural areas of the Ming Dynasty; After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the system of Li Lao was destroyed by the social contradictions, displaced people and other problems, the system of protection and the system of rural treaties rose, and basically inherited the function of the system in the rural society, to protect the master public order. And the main education in the countryside. Make the Ming government through looking for agents in the grass-roots society to carry out the power infiltration of the grass-roots society, and thus better realize the rural social control of this state can continue. Of course, from another level. We can also see that in the social control system of the villages in the Ming Dynasty, the leaders of the village, the elderly, the gentry, the juniors, and other grass-roots power holders showed an obvious tendency of rural autonomy in the governance of the grass-roots society.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】