东魏北齐民族关系辨析

发布时间：2018-01-20 05:50

本文关键词： 东魏北齐民族关系政权基础　出处：《西北师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东魏北齐向以民族关系紧张著称于史,其境内民族问题的产生有复杂的历史渊源,跟统治者的民族歧视和民族压迫密切相关。长期紧张的民族关系对国家政权的巩固造成了消极影响,成为北齐最终衰亡的原因之一。本文系统论述了东魏北齐的民族关系基本状况,包括民族关系的主流和民族融合的进程、民族矛盾和斗争,剖析论证了现象背后的政治背景、心理基础和思想根源,对一些有疑义的观点进行了辨析,并追溯了鲜卑民族的曲折的汉化进程和鲜汉民族交往的历史,梳理了政府的相关政策及其对调整民族关系的作用。在对鲜汉民族关系的各个侧面论述后,对其整体面貌进行评价。虽然统治者不能超脱特定的历史阶段,对汉族士人存在着压制,但总体上不能认为其违背了民族关系发展的大势。绪论中交代了选题意义、学术史、研究方法,并对相关重要概念进行了界定。正文分为四个部分。第一部分论述东魏北齐政权的基础、组成和性质,点明民族关系所处的时代和政治背景,通过高氏皇室的族源和民族认同,政权的建立过程和人员的结构,军队的组成,阐明两个主要民族及其上层各自的处境、地位和作用,特别是剖析了士人的心态轨迹和心灵困境,进而对政权的性质进行判定,由此可以对不同民族政治力量对比和上层的基本关系状况有一个较全面的认识,可以更好地理解民族关系的各个侧面的不同表现。第二部分叙述汉化和鲜卑化的表现,并指出其最终指向都是民族融合。虽然汉化的同时也出现鲜卑化和西胡化的现象,但汉化仍然是主流,历史发展大势决定了在中原建立政权的高氏必须尊重农业文明,学习汉文化。统治阶级有意无意中顺应了这一趋势,采用了一些适当的措施,制度建设和文化建设不无成效,推动了汉化的历史进程。而反汉化只是一时一地的个别现象。民族关系的主流是民族合作,民族融合在曲折中缓慢发展,北齐的鲜卑化或西胡化并无碍民族融合这一大方向。鲜卑民族文化中的优秀部分被吸收而得以存留,并丰富和发展了汉文化。当然有的鲜卑化现象的出现是落后或倒退的表现。第三部分论述民族矛盾的表现、本质和成因。胪列民族歧视和民族冲突的表现,对东魏北齐政坛的三次重大政治斗争及其他政治斗争的性质、与民族矛盾的关联度进行辨析,揭示东魏北齐民族关系的斗争性的一面。剖析鲜汉民族的文化心理和矛盾本质,并通过追溯拓跋鲜卑与汉族关系演变的历史轨迹、孝文帝汉化改革对民族关系走向的影响和六镇起义的反汉化性质,寻求民族矛盾的肇端。第四部分论述跟调整民族关系有关的政策及其实施原因和效果。其政策具有两面性,为了维护鲜卑勋贵的特权和利益,采取了歧视压迫汉人的政治经济政策,而为了调和民族矛盾,安抚汉人,又与士人联合,但又予以提防和压制。在保留部分鲜卑文化传统的同时,又大力吸取汉文化。结语部分指出东魏北齐的相应的民族政策并没有很好地消除民族矛盾,甚至有的不当举措反而加剧了民族冲突,国内政治危机的扩大使国家实力削弱,北齐灭亡与北齐民族矛盾长期得不到解决之间存在一定的因果关系,表明民族关系融洽的重要性。这一时期汉化潮流出现漩涡,终究无改民族融合的历史大势。对统治者的一些积极的、顺应潮流的措施,必须正面评价。而这一时期民族关系的阵痛,却为六镇鲜卑这一保守群体的最终汉化和民族融合的完成打下了基础,昭示着一个新时代即将到来。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the basic situation of ethnic relations in Northern Qi , including the process of ethnic relations , the process of national integration , the contradiction and the struggle of ethnic groups , analyzes the political background , psychological foundation and ideological roots behind the phenomenon , analyzes the political background , psychological foundation and ideological roots behind the phenomenon , analyzes the political background , psychological foundation and ideological roots behind the phenomenon , analyzes the political background , psychological foundation and ideological roots behind the phenomenon , analyzes the existence of the ethnic relations , and puts forward the policy of the government and its effect on the adjustment of ethnic relations . In the introduction , the significance of choosing topics , academic history , research methods and relevant important concepts are defined . The text is divided into four parts . The first part discusses the basic , composition and nature of the political power of the Northern Qi in the East Wei Dynasty , points out the times and political background of the national relations , through the ethnic origin and ethnic identity of the royal family , the process of establishment of the regime and the structure of the personnel , the composition of the army , expounds the situation , status and function of the two main nationalities and their upper strata , and then judges the nature of the regime , so that the different manifestations of each side of the national relation can be better understood . The second part describes the manifestations of Hanization and Xianbei , and points out that the final point is the national integration . Although the Han Dynasty is still the mainstream , the development of the history decides that it is necessary to respect the agricultural civilization and study the Chinese culture . The third part discusses the manifestations , nature and causes of the ethnic conflicts . It reveals the manifestations of ethnic discrimination and ethnic conflicts , analyses the three major political struggles and the nature of the political struggle in the Northern Qi of the East Wei Dynasty , and reveals the struggle of the ethnic relations in the Northern Qi of the East Wei Dynasty . The fourth part discusses the policies and the reasons and effects related to the adjustment of ethnic relations . The policy has two faces . In order to safeguard the privilege and interests of Xianbei xun , it has adopted a political and economic policy which discriminated against the Han people . The conclusion part points out that the corresponding national policies of the Northern Qi of the East Wei Dynasty did not eliminate the ethnic conflicts well , and even the improper measures had contributed to the national conflict . The widening of the domestic political crisis caused the national strength to weaken , and the conflict between Beiqi and the Beiqi ethnic conflict had not been resolved for a long time .

【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K239.2

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