宋金桥梁建造与维护管理研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 12:46

本文关键词： 宋金桥梁桥梁建造筹资桥梁建造技术桥梁维护管理　出处：《河北大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宋(960-1279年)金(1115-1234年)时期建造的桥梁,数量众多、桥型多样、技术先进、材料丰富,掀起了我国古代桥梁建造的一个高潮。桥梁建设事业的大发展,有赖于大量资金的支持。宋金时期桥梁建造的资金有多种筹措方式。政府出资在其中占主导地位,多见于大型桥梁建设;民间一些有经济条件的人也通过独立捐资的个人身份参与到小型桥梁的建设中来,这其中有官员、商人、僧侣,也包括普通百姓。对于某些因财力不足而政府无法独力兴建的桥梁,则只能依赖多方集资方式兴建。官员倡导与僧侣劝募在这一时期的集资建桥中起到了积极作用,当然也不乏百姓自发组织集资建桥的事例。宋金桥梁建造的技术成就举世瞩目,以宋代石梁桥、金代石拱桥建造中所体现的技术进步最为突出。北宋洛阳桥集中采用了筏型基础、种蛎固础、浮运架梁的施工工艺,南宋安平桥则将筏型基础发展演变为睡木沉基,虎渡桥则实现了重达200余吨石梁的成功架设。金代卢沟桥的矢跨比已经非常接近现代拱桥设计理论的最佳值,并且以横联砌筑的方式砌筑拱券,增强了拱身的整体稳定,天盛号石拱桥的倒拱护底则有效地降低了桥孔阻塞的可能。宋金时期的浮桥建造,还出现了对模型试验这一属于现代桥梁理论的探索实践。宋金政府在桥梁维护管理方面的贡献是十分突出的,不仅设立了桥梁维护管理的专职机构,而且制定了相关的法律法规,对一些重要桥梁则进行特殊的、重点的维护管理。
[Abstract]:During the period of Song Dynasty from 960-1279 to 1115-1234, the number of bridges, the variety of bridge types, the advanced technology and the abundance of materials set off an upsurge in the construction of ancient bridges in China. The great development of bridge construction depends on the support of a large number of funds. There are many ways to raise funds for bridge construction in Song and Jin dynasties. Some people with financial means also participated in the construction of small bridges through their personal status as independent donors, including officials, businessmen, monks, It also includes ordinary people. For some bridges that the government cannot build on its own because of lack of financial resources, it can only be built by means of multi-financing. The advocacy of officials and the solicitation of monks played an active role in the construction of bridges through fund-raising during this period. Of course, there are no lack of people spontaneously organized to raise funds to build bridges. The technical achievements of bridge construction in Song and Jin dynasties have attracted worldwide attention, especially in the construction of Shi Liang Bridge in Song Dynasty and Stone Arch Bridge in Jin Dynasty. In Northern Song Dynasty, Luoyang Bridge mainly adopted raft foundation, built oyster foundation and floating beam. On the other hand, the Anping Bridge in the Southern Song Dynasty developed the raft foundation into a sleeping wood foundation, while the Hudu Bridge successfully erected stone beams weighing more than 200 tons. The rise-to-span ratio of Lugou Bridge in the Jin Dynasty has been very close to the optimum value of modern arch bridge design theory. And masonry arch coupons in the form of horizontal masonry have enhanced the overall stability of the arch body, while the inverted arch protection of the Tiansheng stone arch bridge has effectively reduced the possibility of blocking the bridge holes. The construction of floating bridges during the Song and Jin dynasties, The exploration practice of model test, which belongs to modern bridge theory, has also appeared. The contribution of Song and Jin governments in bridge maintenance and management is very outstanding. Not only has it set up a professional organization for bridge maintenance and management, but also it has formulated relevant laws and regulations, and carried on special and key maintenance management to some important bridges.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K244

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