张居正变法思想探析

发布时间：2018-03-03 21:14

本文选题：张居正　切入点：万历新政　出处：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：张居正变法是明代历史上的一件大事，变法运动彻底改变了一个垂死帝国的命运。这场运动留给后人太多的思考。从法理学的角度上来看，变法者张居正抓住了晚明中国社会的主要矛盾，有针对性地推行新法，使国家面貌焕然一新。张居正的变法思想虽然产生于封建社会，却很好地验证了“法律必须以社会为基础”这一现代法理学基本原理。本文在充分尊重历史的前提下，对张居正变法的前因后果进行深入分析，试图探析变法者张居正本人的变法思想，进而揭示决定变法活动成败的原因。第一部分，还原变法前的晚明社会，分析晚明社会中的主要矛盾，探索张居正变法的动机。第二部分，对变法中提出的“尊祖制”、“法先王”与“法后王”、《陈六事疏》以及变法权力的来源等问题进行深入分析。进而分析张居正“法变而制不变”的变法逻辑。第三部分，分别对张居正提出的“尊主权”、“课吏治”、“信赏罚”、“一号令”等目标进行分析，进而探索张居正变法的目的。第四部分，对变法中所推行的“考成法”、《给驿条例》、“一条鞭法”、《请饬学政疏》等措施进行评析，进而全面地把握张居正变法的具体措施。第五部分，分析集权与变法的矛盾，从相权与君权的对立、集权的失控等角度探究变法终结的原因。通过以上分析得出结论，张居正的变法最大限度地满足了底层民众对于主权者的期望，，使衰落的明帝国重新迎来一丝曙光。以社会实际为基础来进行顶层设计，是确保变法成功的关键。而在封建伦理下，一切政治活动都要以维护君主的统治为目的。张居正通过集权手段强力推行变法，在某种程度上已经对君主的绝对权威构成威胁。于是，清算不可避免地来临了。
[Abstract]:Zhang Juzheng's reform was a major event in the history of the Ming Dynasty. The reform movement completely changed the fate of a dying empire. Zhang Juzheng, the reformist, seized on the main contradictions of the Chinese society in the late Ming Dynasty, and carried out the new law in a targeted way, so that the country took on a new look. Although Zhang Juzheng's reform thought came out of feudal society, However, the basic principle of modern jurisprudence that "the law must be based on society" is well verified. On the premise of fully respecting history, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the causes and consequences of Zhang Juzheng's reform. This paper attempts to probe into the reform thought of Zhang Juzheng, a reformist, and to reveal the reasons that determine the success or failure of reform activities. The first part analyzes the main contradictions in the late Ming Dynasty and explores the motive of Zhang Juzheng's reform. In the second part, the author makes a deep analysis of the problems raised in the reform, such as "the system of respecting ancestors", "the King before the Law" and "the King after the Law", "Chen Liu Shi Shu" and the source of the power of the reform, and then analyzes Zhang Juzheng's logic of "the law changes but the system does not change". The third part analyzes the objectives of Zhang Juzheng's "respecting sovereignty", "governing officials in class", "reward and punishment", "order" and so on, and then explores the purpose of Zhang Juzheng's reform. In the 4th part, the author makes an analysis of the measures carried out in the reform, such as "the law of examination", "regulations to the post", "the law of one whip", "asking to learn from the school", and so on, and then comprehensively grasps the concrete measures of Zhang Juzheng's reform. Part 5th analyzes the contradiction between centralization and reform, and probes into the reasons for the end of reform from the angle of opposition between power and monarchy and out of control of centralization. Through the above analysis, we can draw a conclusion that Zhang Juzheng's reform maximizes the expectations of the people at the bottom for the sovereign, and makes the declining Ming Empire usher in a glimmer of dawn again. The top-level design is based on social reality. It is the key to ensure the success of the reform. Under feudal ethics, all political activities should be aimed at safeguarding the monarch's rule. Zhang Juzheng forcefully carried out the reform through totalitarian means. To some extent, the monarch's absolute authority has been threatened, and liquidation is inevitable.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K248;D929

【共引文献】