魏晋道德问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 16:16

本文选题：魏晋　切入点：儒家道德　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：魏晋是我国历史上社会转型和文化变迁的重要时期,这一时期的道德观念经历了一个从衰落崩溃到重新建构的过程。本文试图将魏晋时期道德观念的崩溃与重构置于社会变革和思想文化变迁的历史背景之下,研究探讨这一时期道德观念崩溃与重构的过程,希望能够更准确的把握问题的实质,能够更加充分的揭示其丰富的内容和更加深入的总结历史经验,为探究历史上转型时期的道德观念的重建提供理论和借鉴。两汉儒家道德观念的形成与发展。阐述西汉武帝时期,董仲舒以儒家思想为主体,吸收其他各家思想,建构了天人感应神学,形成了三纲五常为基本内容的道德观念。经过石渠阁会议和白虎观会议的整顿,官方儒学进一步渗透到社会生活的各个方面,儒家道德观念成为当时社会乃至后世通行的道德准则和规范。为了维护政权,统治阶级将儒家思想确定为维护封建专制主义的思想体系。魏晋时期儒家道德观念的崩溃。儒学发展到东汉末年逐渐衰落,天人感应神学的瓦解,滋生于其内的道德观念也随之而削弱。本章分别从以下几个方面分析儒家道德崩溃的因素：政治上,大一统局面的解体、军阀混战使皇权遭到猛烈的冲击,儒家道德中君为臣纲的观念遭到动摇；思想上,这一时期出现的无君论思潮认为君王之制是制造罪恶的罪魁祸首,否定了君主制度存在的合理性；灾异、战乱带来的死亡恐惧使人们的个体意识觉醒,道德不再是士人竞相追逐的目标,任诞放纵,及时行乐,反道德行为盛行。魏晋时期,道德规范的缺乏,儒家思想所建立的三纲五常为核心的道德观念处于不断被冲击的过程之中。道德重构。名教的虚伪不实,社会的道德危机要求思想家们在理论上给予回应。在儒家道德规范的虚伪性被认清与打破的过程中,新的道德观也在探索与重建中。分别介绍从王弼到阮籍、嵇康,裴颁、郭象,再到葛洪、张湛等人为道德重构做出的努力,他们试图从儒家、道家、宗教等思想中汲取、吸收有利于自身的理论,希冀为重新构建新的道德规范添加内容,整个魏晋时期始终处于这种不断摸索重建的过程之中。从正始时期王弼的“名教本于自然”开始,经竹林时期阮籍、嵇康抛弃儒家道德提出的“越名教任自然”,西晋时期裴颁强调儒家道德精神发崇有论,“弃自然任名教”,郭象探讨得出的“名教即自然”,葛洪针对道德衰败,宣扬儒家道德的思想,到东晋后期张湛的儒道融合理论止,正是人们自我意识觉醒,个体与社会分离的时期,人们重点关注的是生命的意义,个体价值的实现,精神意境的追求等等问题,通过思想家们不断探索,逐渐协调,并且利用佛道二教的理论,不仅解决了自然与名教之间的矛盾,还比较圆满的解决了人们的死亡恐惧问题,更重要的是建构了新道德理论的基本框架。士人逐渐由对外物的反抗超越转为对内心宁静闲适境界的追求,以一种超功利的审美态度,追求一种艺术化的审美人生,以内心的满足和愉悦,超然和洒脱为最高的人生境界。魏晋时期的道德观以与两汉名教所没有的宽松、率直、真性、自然使人们在精神归宿的意义上实践了名教与自然的统一。
[Abstract]:The Wei and Jin Dynasties is an important period of social transformation and cultural transformation in China's history, this period of moral values has experienced a decline from collapse to reconstruction. This paper attempts to use the moral concept of the Wei and Jin Dynasties collapse and reconstruction in social transformation and cultural changes of the historical background, study the process of collapse and reconstruction the moral values of this period, hope to be able to grasp the essence of the problem more accurately, can more fully reveal its rich content and more in-depth summing up historical experience, provide theory and reference for the exploration of history during the transition period of moral values reconstruction.
The formation and development of Han Dynasty Confucian morality. This period of the Emperor Wudi, Dong Zhongshu takes Confucianism as the main body, absorbing the thoughts of other schools, the construction of the heaven theology, formed the moral concept as the basic content of the core. After the Shiquge conference and white tiger view to rectify the official Confucianism further penetrated into all aspects of social life, Confucianism the moral concept has become a society at that time and later accepted moral standards and norms. In order to maintain the regime, the ruling class will be determined to maintain the Confucian feudal autocracy thought system.
The Wei and Jin Dynasties Confucian morality collapse. Confucianism in the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually decline, the collapse of heaven theology, which breed in moral values will be weakened. This chapter from the following aspects: the analysis of the factors of Confucian moral collapse in politics, the disintegration of unification of warlords, the violent impact of Imperial power in the Confucian moral, Jun Chen Gang has been shaken the idea; thought, the thought that no monarch king is arch-criminal evil appeared in this period, denied the rationality of the monarchy exists; disaster, war brought the fear of death makes people's individual consciousness, morality is no longer the chase the goal, he indulgence, carpe diem, anti moral behavior prevails. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the lack of moral norms, the establishment of Confucianism as the core of the five virtues moral values in the In the process of constant impact.
Moral reconstruction. Teach the false, moral crisis demands of social thinkers respond in theory. The process is to identify the hypocrisy of Confucian ethics and break in the new morality in the exploration and reconstruction are introduced. From Wang Bi to Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Pei Kuo, again by. To Ge Hong, Zhang Zhan and other human moral reconstruction efforts, they try to learn from the Confucian, Taoist, and religious thought, absorbed in favor of their own theory, hoping to add content to construct new moral norm, the Wei and Jin Dynasties is always in the process of rebuilding the trial. From the Zhengshi period "of Wang Bi norm in nature", the period of bamboo Ruan Ji, Ji Kang abandoned the Confucian moral "put forward the teaching of any nature", the Western Jin Dynasty by the Confucian moral spirit that Pei Chong has abandoned the name of natural religion ", Guo Xiang's research The "norm is nature", Ge Hong for the moral decline, Confucian moral philosophy, to Confucianism and Taoism in the late period of Eastern Jin Zhang Zhan fusion theory, it is the awakening of self consciousness, the separation of the individual and society, people pay more attention to the meaning of life, the realization of individual value, the pursuit of spiritual and so on, the thinkers continue to explore and gradually coordinated, and the use of two Buddhist teaching theory, not only solves the contradiction between nature and religion, also solved the issue of people's fear of death, more important is to construct the basic framework of the new moral theory. Scholars gradually from the material resistance for the peace of mind beyond the realm of the pursuit of leisure, with an ultra utilitarian aesthetic attitude, the pursuit of a kind of artistic aesthetic life, the inner satisfaction and pleasure, detached and free and easy is the highest realm of life. During Wei and Jin Dynasties The moral view of the period is loose, straightforward and true, and nature makes people practice the unity of name and nature in the sense of spiritual home.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B82-092;K235

【参考文献】