清时期陕西疫灾研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 22:24

本文选题：陕西省　切入点：瘟疫　出处：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：瘟疫灾害是因急性传染病的流行而造成的大规模的人类死亡的自然灾害。瘟疫灾害古已有之,清时期陕西省瘟疫灾害作为历史时期瘟疫灾害的一个不可分割的组成部分,有其自身的时空分布规律和特点。自公元1644年至公元1911年,整个清时期历时268年。陕西省疫灾平均4.4年发生一次疫灾,疫灾频度为23%。从时间分布上来看,清时期陕西疫灾且多发生在夏秋季节。咸丰(1851—1861年)、同治(1862—1874年)两朝是清时期陕西省疫灾的多发期,且随着时间的推移,陕西疫灾年份有逐渐增加的趋势,特别是自道光朝以后,疫灾频度增加十分明显。从空间分布上来看,关中平原一直是清时期陕西疫灾的集中分布区,但光绪朝时期,陕北疫灾的分布区域超过了关中地区,陕西疫灾重心有向北转移的趋势。清时期陕西省疫灾的发生多与灾荒、战争以及当地的气候、卫生习惯、居住习惯等原因有关。疫灾发生之时往往造成大量的人口死亡,而当时人们的疫灾防治思想大多数情况下是求助于神灵的庇护。同时,当疫灾发生之时,政府、地方乡绅和普通民众都采取了不同的疫灾防治措施。清后期,清政府处于内忧外患的境地,疫灾防治的承担者逐渐由政府向地方乡绅和民众过渡。清后期第二次鸦片战争之后,西医逐渐传入陕西省境内,人们的疫灾防治思想、防治措施也有了变化。特别是陕西省公共卫生机构受西医的影响,发生了很明显的变化,有力的推动了陕西省公共卫生机构的近代化趋势。
[Abstract]:The plague disaster is a natural disaster caused by the epidemic of acute infectious diseases on a large scale. The plague disaster existed in ancient times, and the plague disaster in Shaanxi Province during the Qing Dynasty was an integral part of the plague disaster in the historical period. From 1644 to 1911, the whole Qing Dynasty lasted 268 years. The epidemic disaster occurred once in an average of 4.4 years in Shaanxi Province, and the frequency of epidemic disaster was 23. During the Qing Dynasty, the epidemic disaster in Shaanxi Province occurred in summer and autumn season. Xianfeng (1851-1861) and Tongzhi (1862-1874) were the most frequent periods in Shaanxi Province during the Qing Dynasty, and with the passage of time, the epidemic year of Shaanxi gradually increased, especially since the Daoguang Dynasty. In terms of spatial distribution, the Guanzhong Plain was always the concentrated distribution area of Shaanxi epidemic disaster in Qing Dynasty, but during Guang Xu's reign, the distribution area of Northern Shaanxi epidemic disaster exceeded that of Guanzhong region. Shaanxi epidemic disaster center of gravity has the trend of northward transfer. In the Qing Dynasty, the occurrence of epidemic disasters in Shaanxi Province was mostly related to famine, war, local climate, hygiene habits, living habits, and so on. When the epidemic occurred, it often caused a large number of people to die. At the same time, when the epidemic disaster occurred, the government, the local squire and the ordinary people all took different measures to prevent and cure the disease. In the late Qing Dynasty, The Qing government was in the situation of internal and external troubles, the burden of epidemic prevention and treatment gradually from the government to the local gentry and the public transition. After the second Opium War in the late Qing Dynasty, Western medicine was gradually introduced into the territory of Shaanxi Province. People's ideas and measures for the prevention and treatment of the epidemic disaster also changed. In particular, the public health institutions in Shaanxi Province were influenced by Western medicine, and a very obvious change took place. It promotes the modernization of public health institutions in Shaanxi Province.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】