明清仁怀移民研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 10:17

本文选题：明清时期　切入点：仁怀　出处：《贵州民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地处川黔交界的仁怀,建置沿革不断发生变化。明代之前,仁怀相当长的一段时间隶属于播州杨氏土司。万历二十八年,明朝平定播州土司杨应龙的叛乱,将播州所辖地域设置遵义军民府和平越军民府,仁怀隶属遵义军民府。清雍正年间,中央王朝在西南地区实行大规模的改土归流,行政区划调整,仁怀从四川划入贵州。史料确切记载仁怀移民,当属明万历年间平定播州杨应龙叛乱之后,平播军队驻扎于仁怀,但此类移民数量并不多,并没有改变仁怀“夷多汉少”的局面。康熙年间,仁怀真正意义出现大规模的移民,仁怀“夷少汉多”的现象出现,一直延续至今,仁怀的民族分布呈现出以汉族为主体,兼有少部分少数民族的局面。明清仁怀移民的类型主要有:明代平定播州土司军人留驻、奉诏填实移民、奢安之乱中军民迁徙、经商入境商人留驻。移民改变了贵州的社会面貌,同时也促使汉族与少数民族之间的融合。明清仁怀移民的原因主要有:自然灾害导致人口锐减,政府遂将内地稠密地区的人口迁徙至人口稀少的地区;中央王朝在西南地区推行的改土归流以及康熙年间颁布的“滋生人丁,永不加赋”的政策措施,客观上推动了仁怀移民的增加;川盐入黔,商人贸易往来频繁,商业移民大增;高产农作物番薯、玉米等的推广和种植,土地大面积的开垦,极大地改善了仁怀的生存坏境,成为移民较为理想的迁居地。明末清初,仁怀已经初步形成“汉多夷少”的局面。移民增加了仁怀人口,掀起大规模的土地开垦,促使国家税收大幅增长,推动了教育的发展。清代仁怀科举人物辈出,其中有不少是移民或移民后裔,仁怀生界卞氏是杰出代表。移民加剧了汉族与少数民族之间的矛盾,引发主客冲突,广大汉族移民成为仁怀的“主人”,反客为主,是历史发展的必然趋势。通过对明清仁怀移民的全面研究,不难看出:仁怀行政机构的变迁,特别是清代仁怀直隶厅的设置,客观上促进了仁怀人口的变迁;受整个西南地区人口迁移的影响,仁怀人口的变动,以及“汉多夷少”局面的出现,有其历史的必然性;清代仁怀人口的变动经历了几个重大的起伏期,这与国家政策、移民以及战乱有密切的关系。
[Abstract]:Located at the junction of Sichuan and Renhuai, the establishment of constantly changing. For a period of time before the Ming Dynasty, Renhuai is quite belong to Yang's of Bozhou. During the twenty-eight years, the Ming Dynasty pacified state chieftain Yang Yinglong's rebellion, Bozhou will be under the jurisdiction of Zunyi military government set regional peace more in the civilian government, Renhuai under the Zunyi military government. The Yong Zheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the implementation of large-scale bureaucratization of the central dynasty in the southwest region, the adjustment of administrative divisions, Renhuai from Sichuan into Guizhou. The exact historical records Renhuai immigrants, after Brown molinianjian pacified state Yang Yinglong rebellion, Pingbo troops stationed in Yu Renhuai, but the number is not much, and there is no change in Renhuai Yi "douhan less situation. Kangxi years, Renhuai real large-scale immigration," Yi Han Renhuai appear less "phenomenon, continues to this day, Renhuai's national distribution shown in Chinese Nationality as the main body, with few minority situation. Renhuai immigrants are the main types of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: the Ming Dynasty pacified state military presence who filled chieftain, immigrants, she an chaos in the military and civilian business migration, immigration businessman remains. Immigration changes in Guizhou society, but also to promote the fusion between the Han and minority nationalities. The reasons are: the Ming and Qing Dynasties Renhuai immigrants natural disasters led to the population, the government ordered the mainland population to migrate to densely populated areas of sparsely populated areas; the implementation of the central government in the southwest of the Gai and Kangxi years "by the breeding population, and never add Fu" policy measures, the objective to promote the increase of immigrants to Renhuai Sichuan; salt into Guizhou, merchant trade, business immigration increased; high yield crops of sweet potato and corn, promote the land reclamation area, greatly improve the students in Renhuai Bad environment, ideal to become immigrants. The Ming and Qing Dynasties, Renhuai has initially formed the "Han Yi much less situation. Immigration increased the population of Renhuai, a large-scale land reclamation, the national tax revenue growth, promoted the development of education in Renhuai in the Qing Dynasty. The figures come forth in large numbers, many of which are immigrants or the descendants of immigrants, the Renhuai health sector Bianshi is an outstanding representative. Immigration has aggravated the contradiction between the Han and minority, the majority of the Han immigrants and lead to conflict, Renhuai become" master ", turn from a guest into a host is the inevitable trend of historical development, through a comprehensive study of immigration in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In Renhuai, it is not difficult to see that the changes of Renhuai administrative institutions. Especially in Renhuai during the Qing Dynasty Zhili hall is set up, the objective to promote the change of the population in Renhuai; the whole southwest migration influence of Renhuai population change," Han Yi and much less Bureau The emergence of Renhuai has its historical inevitability. The population change in Qing Dynasty has experienced several major ups and downs, which is closely related to national policies, immigration and war.

【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248;C951

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