清初东渡明遗民研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 14:42

本文选题：清初　切入点：东渡　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以明遗民为研究对象,以明清之际为时代背景,以日本为空间范围,试从明清史、中日关系与文化交流史的视角,努力将视野置于明清时期中日关系演变与清初满汉异质文化整合的历史背景下,对中国遗民文化问题展开研究。通过对文献与史料的梳理与解读,不断发掘东渡明遗民的事迹与功绩,在着力对其精神志操进行再现并张大,在展现时势变换中遗民群体跌宕起伏命运的同时,对其个体在中外文化交流中发挥的作用及产生的影响进行总结,并对其历史价值与时代意义进行论证。全文由绪论、正文及附录三部分组成。绪论部分主要说明研究动机、选题价值及意义。继而对学术前史进行回溯,了解学界在相关研究上的情况及现状,并对先行性研究成果进行评析综述、探讨尚可拓展的研究空间,为本文提供论述基础。正文部分共分七章。第一章共分三节,阐明遗民现象产生的渊源。主要对中国遗民现象的出现、概念的演变进行回溯,针对历代遗民的时代语境及其文化背景的不同特点,通过对遗民现象产生的思想根源进行探讨、对遗民与逸民的概念进行辨析,进而对于梳理中国遗民意识从发展至稳固及群体产生的历史脉络进行梳理与论证。第二章共分两节,着重分析明遗民具体所处的时代环境背景。先从日本与明朝建立朝贡关系为起始,对明朝与日本国家关系的发展、演变进行回溯,同时注意从朝贡贸易名义下东亚“华夷秩序”体系的大视野中发端,关注女真(满)民族与日本民族的相互认知、关系对于政权、国家交往产生的影响,对明遗民东渡的成因进行剖析。第三章共分两节,讨论明遗民的构成与出海的条件。首先对东渡明遗民群体中的基本构成进行阐释,锁定论述重点。继而从古代航海条件、明末航路恢复以及日本华侨社会情况三个方面,论述明遗民出海东渡与留居的现实条件。第四章共分三节,划出明遗民东渡大的时代分期及各阶段特点。分别从中国大陆明清抗争形势变化以及南明、台湾与日本海上往来动态的两个方向,对各个时期明遗民东渡的特点、重要活动以及联动影响进行论证,力图使相关历史得到全景式的展现。第五章共分三节,主要考察东渡明遗民中的典型个案。从东渡明遗民群体中择取三位最具代表性、又恰好是中国传统思想文化中三个最重要组成部分的人物,即“儒”朱舜水、“道”陈元峗、“释”隐元进行专论,通过对其各自事迹与功绩的论述,凸现并张大东渡明遗民群体中优秀者的时代辉煌。第六章共分四节,对东渡明遗民的历史贡献进行总结综论。具体论述朱舜水的授业、修史、思想等方面对于日本儒学政治产生的积极影响。隐元在日本开创黄檗宗与心越禅师推广曹洞宗对于日本佛教禅宗发展上的重要贡献。此外,通过对明遗民传播中国文人书画推动日本文美工艺的发展、独立(戴曼公)及其他中国医生传授治痘术等传统疗法与医药学知识造福大众、陈元峗融会少林拳法编创日本柔道促进武学交流等史实进行专论,全面展现清初东渡明遗民对于日本社会发展做出的贡献。第七章共分两节,提炼个人对于东渡明遗民的价值与意义的整体观点。通过对中日两国“华夷之辨”意识形态的对比,剖析日本“华夷”观的内在实质。首先揭示日本作为近世东亚华夷秩序下不安因子的事实,继而引出日本社会进入“文治”转型期后,再度勃发引入中国文化热潮的时代背景,继而对于值此期间东渡明遗民群体的历史价值、时代意义与启示作用进行评析,在对其积极作用进行评价的同时也指出其存在的局限性,体现作者对论证主体的整体把握。附录部分由辅助正文的重要图表组成。具体包括：清朝皇帝世系表、南明政权简况表、德川幕府将军系谱表、明末清初中国赴日贸易商船数量统计表、清代《皇清职贡图》“日本国夷人”图说以及东渡明遗民活动总括表。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the Ming Dynasty as the research object, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the era background, with Japan as a space, from the history of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Sino Japanese relations and cultural exchanges with the perspective of the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, to the perspective of Sino Japanese relations in the early Qing Dynasty Manchu culture evolution and integration of the historical background, research on Chinese culture China the problem. Through combing and interpretation of literature and historical data, and constantly explore the deeds and achievements of the Ming Dynasty in the East, to the spirit of Cao Zhi and big show in the reproduction, transform the ups and downs of the fate of the adherent group at the same time, the individual plays in the Sino foreign cultural exchanges in the role and impact are summarized, and demonstrate its historical value and significance.
The full text is composed of the introduction, the text and the appendix three parts.
The introduction part mainly explains the research motive, value and significance of the topic. Then on the academic history of backtracking, and status quo of scholars in the related research on understanding, and to advance research results review, discussion can expand research space, provide the theoretical basis for this paper.
The main part of the text is divided into seven chapters.
The first chapter is divided into three sections, to clarify the origin of the phenomenon generated. Mainly on the China adherents of the phenomenon of the evolution of the concept of backtracking, according to different characteristics of the times and cultural background of the history context, through discussion of the phenomenon of the ideological roots, discriminates the concept of adherent and hermit, and then to comb Chinese Yimin history from the development to the strong consciousness and group are reviewed and demonstrated.
The second chapter is divided into two sections, focuses on the analysis of the Ming Dynasty of the era background. First from Japan and the establishment of the Ming Dynasty as the initial development of the Tributary Relations, relations between Ming Dynasty and Japan, evolution of backtracking, and pay attention to the originator from large tributary trade under the name "Huayi order" in East Asia system, pay attention to the Jurchen (full) mutual understanding of nation and the Japanese nation, the relationship between the regime, affect the national communication from the origin of the Ming Dynasty east of the analysis.
The third chapter is divided into two sections, which discuss the Ming Dynasty and the sea conditions. Firstly illustrates the basic form of Ming Dynasty Dongdu group, lock the emphasis. Then from the ancient navigation conditions, the route recovery and the overseas Chinese society in Japan from three aspects, discusses the realistic condition of Ming people and in the East Sea left.
The fourth chapter is divided into three sections, marked the era of the Ming Dynasty to stage and the characteristics of each stage. From the changes of China, Ming and Qing Dynasties struggle situation as well as Nanming, Taiwan and Japan Sea in two directions between dynamic characteristics of different period of Ming Dynasty, East, demonstrates the important activities and linkage effects, and tried to make the related history a panoramic view of the show.
The fifth chapter is divided into three sections, mainly inspects the typical case in Ming Dynasty. From the east to the East Ming Dynasty population takes three of the most representative, also happens to be the three most important part of people China traditional culture, namely "Confucianism" Zhu Shunshui, "" Chen Yuanwei, "release" hidden element for monographs, their deeds and achievements through discussion, and to highlight the large group of outstanding person of Ming Dynasty to the glorious era.
The sixth chapter is divided into four sections, historical contribution to the summary of East Ming Dynasty. It discusses Zhu Shunshui's knowledge, ideas and other aspects of history, for the positive influence of Japanese Confucianism political generation. In Japan to create a hidden element and heart more cases of Phellodendron amurense extension of Cao Dongzong Jackson an important contribution to the development of Zen Buddhism in Japan. In addition, through the development of the Ming Dynasty spread Chinese literati painting and calligraphy to promote Japan's Wenmei technology, independent (dieman public) and other Chinese doctors teach Zhidou surgery therapy and traditional medicine knowledge for the benefit of the public, Chen Yuanwei merges the Shaolin boxing creative Japanese martial arts exchange Judo promote Historical Monographs, fully show the Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty east to Japan the social development to make the contribution.
The seventh chapter is divided into two sections, the abstraction of individual value and significance to the view of the whole Ming Dynasty. By comparing the two "in Sinocentrism" ideology, analyze the internal essence of Japan "Huayi" concept. Firstly, reveal the Japanese as the modern East Asia Huayi order under the disturbing factor of facts, and then leads to the Japanese society into the "sandwich" transition period, blooming again into China cultural upsurge in the background of the times, and for this time Dongdu Ming Dynasty population historical value of significance and inspiration, in the evaluation of its positive role and also pointed out the limitations of the whole body, and embodies the argument sure.
The appendix is an important auxiliary components. The chart includes: the Qing Dynasty emperor genealogical table, the Nanming regime brief table, general Tokugawa Shogunate pedigree table, statistics on the China in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty merchant trade amount, the Qing Dynasty "Royal tribute picture of Qing Dynasty" and "Japan Yi", said Dong Du Ming Dynasty general activities.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249.2

【参考文献】