金朝水军诸问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:28

本文选题：水军　切入点：造船　出处：《河北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：金朝水军是金朝武装力量中的重要组成部分，不仅在与南宋和蒙古的军事斗争中起到了举足轻重的作用，而且保护着金朝漕运河流的安全，如黄河、御清河等，保障着金朝经济动脉的顺畅。金朝水军的活动主要集中在金初和金末与南宋及蒙古的战争中。金朝水军所担负的任务并不单一，有时作为一支进攻力量集中使用，如在进攻南宋的战争中；有时作为一支防御力量分散布防，如在防御蒙古军的战争中。在战争中，，金朝水军经历了一个从小到大、从弱到强的过程。金朝水军所装备的船只由初期的以掠取为主，过渡到中后期以自身建造为主，舟船质量也随之大幅提高。金朝水军的人员在初期以女真族为主，但因为女真民族的航船能力有限，很早便有大量其他民族，尤其是汉族的人员参加了进来。在与南宋的战争中，金朝水军面临着较为复杂、困难的局面，因而不得不吸收大量汉族人员以提高战斗力水平。但是，除了少数特殊时期，金朝水军的高层将领多为女真将领，这体现了金朝民族防范的特点，也制约了其本身战斗力的提高。在金朝水军参加的众多战役中以胶西海战最为著名。完颜亮为了实现统一中国的政治目的，建设了一支空前庞大的近海水军。但因为各种主客观的原因，这支水军在胶西海战中被大部摧毁，金朝统治者灭亡南宋的梦想彻底破灭，中国继续着南北分裂的政治格局。金朝水军在胶西海战的失败本质上是一种政治上的失败，而非单纯的军事失败，是完颜亮南侵政策失去民心支持的必然结果。金朝末年，对于黄河的防御事关金朝的生死存亡。金朝在黄河各渡口设置了管理官员，执行严厉的河禁政策；在黄河北岸防守着河中府等军事重镇，以其作为黄河防线的屏障和支点。都水监尤其是都水东、西外监制造了大量船只，以装备金朝水军和运输粮草；同时，其本身也担负防守黄河的责任。这些机构和措施共同构成了金朝防御黄河的体系。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the armed forces of the Jin Dynasty, the Jin-Chao Navy not only played an important role in the military struggle with the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia, but also protected the safety of the Jin Dynasty's river transport by water, such as the Yellow River and the Royal Qing River. It guarantees the smooth flow of the golden artery. The activities of the water army of the Jin Dynasty were mainly concentrated in the wars between the early Jin Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia. The task of the Jin Dynasty Water Army was not single, and sometimes it was concentrated as an offensive force, such as in the war to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. Sometimes as a defensive force, as in the war against the Mongol army. During the war, the Golden Chao Navy experienced a process from small to large, from weak to strong. Transition to the mid-later period to build their own, boat quality is also greatly improved. At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, the main members of the naval army were mainly the Nu Zhen nationality, but because of the limited sailing capacity of the Nu Zhen nationality, a large number of other nationalities, especially the Han nationality, took part in the early period. In the war with the Southern Song Dynasty, The Jin Dynasty Water Army is faced with a more complicated and difficult situation, so it has to absorb a large number of Han nationality personnel to improve its combat effectiveness. However, except for a few special periods, the top generals of the Jin Dynasty Water Army are mostly Nu Zhen generals. This reflects the characteristics of the Jin Dynasty nation guard, but also restricts its own combat effectiveness. Among the many battles in which the Jin Dynasty and the navy fought, Jiaoxi was the most famous. In order to achieve the political goal of reunifying China, he built an unprecedented large offshore naval force. But for various subjective and objective reasons, This water army was destroyed by most of the naval battles in Jiaoxi, the dream of the rulers of the Jin Dynasty to perish in the Southern Song Dynasty was completely dashed, and China continued to split the political pattern of the North and South. The defeat of the Jin and Korean naval forces in the Jiaoxi naval battle was essentially a political failure. Rather than a simple military defeat, it was the inevitable result of the loss of popular support for the brilliant southward invasion policy. In the last years of the Jin Dynasty, the defense against the Yellow River had a bearing on the survival of the Jin Dynasty. The Jin Dynasty set up management officials at the Yellow River ferry crossings to implement a strict policy of river ban; it defended the north bank of the Yellow River and other important military towns, such as the Middle House of the Yellow River. As a barrier and fulcrum of the Yellow River's defense line, Dushuiguan, especially Dushuidong, built a large number of ships to equip the Yellow River and transport grain and grass. At the same time, These institutions and measures together constitute the system of defending the Yellow River by the Jin Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K246.4

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