《潘司空奏疏》研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:32

  本文选题：潘季驯　切入点：潘司空奏疏　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：潘季驯,字时良,号印川,乌程(今浙江湖州)人。潘季驯嘉靖庚戌进士,官至总督河道,工部尚书兼右都御史。《潘司空奏疏》七卷,是潘季驯从事政务活动的奏疏汇编,是其一生政治生涯的代表作。《潘司空奏疏》由其子潘大复丁忧回家主持潘季驯的丧事,从掖垣中觅的寥寥10余篇,向朝廷上书将其父亲的奏疏付梓,凡七卷。本文从知人论世的角度出发,简要的叙述潘季驯的家庭背景和从政经历、交友与著述,更加全面的反应潘季驯个人形象,还原一个真实的历史人物面貌。潘季驯少时聪颖,七岁治春秋、能文章。嘉靖二十八年潘季驯乡试第一名,次年考中三甲进士。首次试政江西担任九江府推官,平反刘云四冤假错案。担任河南道监察御史,查大木于南都。潘季驯担任广东巡按御史,抗击倭寇,剿灭匪盗,惩治海丰县丞朱杰逼迫碣石卫官军激变。潘季驯担任直隶顺天督学,勇于提拔后进者,严拒太监干托。其在任职总理河道都察院右佥都御史,四次治河,总理河道兼理军务,提出"筑堤束水,借水攻沙"理论,消除两河水患,为明一代之治水能臣。潘季驯巡抚江西,平乱宁州盗,捐资筑堤泽后人。潘季驯担任南京兵部尚书时,对参错不一的法律条令折衷画一。因第四次治河理念与朝廷不合,罢官回乡的潘季驯为家乡乌程县修建一座桥,以便其民。万历二十三年,75岁潘季驯病逝于家,葬于三墩。同时,潘季驯作为一名高级封建官员和文人,有着广泛的交际圈,政治上有志同道合的朋友,江南文坛上也有逸趣相投的知己。从《潘司空奏疏》、《河防一览》以及《留余堂尺牍》等著作中,可以看出潘季驯与著名人士王世贞、王世懋、于慎行、万恭、李迁、凌云翼、邓子龙等人都有着密切的联系。《潘司空奏疏》七卷,著录于《四库全书》卷五十五,史部十一,诏令奏议类,是潘季驯从事政务活动的奏疏汇编,是其一生政治生涯的代表作。该书由潘大复向朝廷上书将其父亲的奏疏付梓。潘大复按照时间顺序将奏疏编辑排序。《潘司空奏疏》中卷二、卷三《兵部奏疏》是潘季驯在万历九年担任南京兵部尚书,而其后四卷《巡抚江西奏疏》、《督抚江西奏疏》为万历四年,编排并没有按照时间的顺序,编次出现错误。《潘司空奏疏》共七卷,八十五篇奏疏。《巡按广东奏疏》一卷,共十一篇奏疏;《兵部奏疏》二卷,共十二篇奏疏;《巡抚江西奏疏》二卷,共二十八篇奏疏;《督抚江西奏疏》二卷,共三十四篇奏疏。《潘司空奏疏》以建言政事、弹劾、举荐贤才为主要内容,叙事形式多样,奏疏以事实为依据,进行议论分析,通过引述历史,以古今成败实例来增强议论的感染力,最终提出对策和解决方案。《潘司空奏疏》具有以时系事,事时明确;采用寓议于叙,议叙结合;体现皇权至上兼顾民生的主旨。《潘司空奏疏》主要内容包括潘季驯巡按广东,巡抚、督抚江西以及其在南京兵部任职时,针对时弊所提出解决措施与方法。潘季驯弭盗平倭政绩突出,其分析广东、江西匪盗众多的原因。从地理位置上,广东地区偏远,江西山林中多;匪乱伴随倭患趁势而起;地方官吏平庸无能,甚至徇私枉法,不能有效履行保境安民职责;同时匪乱受到自然灾害和民风影响。针对以上原因,潘季驯在地方官员的选拔和任命提出"慎选民牧"的观点,在军事上通过军事行动剿灭倭寇和匪盗;政治上通过建立县治、推行保甲制度,建立卫所、废除一切不合理的赋税等措施;在教育上主张发展教育,移风易俗,启迪民智。潘季驯在南京兵部改革,从裁革弓兵工食的名不副实的支出,到通过充实营、清丈土地、定城守、均兵饷、裕作养等措施增强南京城防卫力量,清理库藏、查核裁革官员直银,减少朝廷的费用。潘季驯选官、举荐官员思想上有着其独特的用人理念。在选拔、任用官员尤重进士,知人善用、因地用人,以考核、保留、奖惩等方式举荐、惩治官员。潘季驯巡抚江西时,针对江西地区经济落后,人民生活困苦的社会状况。潘季驯向朝廷建议在江西地区重新铸造钱币,布置开炉铸造钱币事宜。通过开钱局、定责成、定钱式、计工料、议铸额、旧钱回炉重铸、新旧钱收发等措施发展江西地区的经济,便民利民。《潘司空奏疏》是研究潘季驯政治生涯中个人为政思想一部十分重要的典籍,具有很大的文献价值。纵览潘季驯一生,吏治清廉公正,选贤任能;操守凛然,为人刚正不阿;处事周到,行政能力出众;为民为国,鞠躬尽瘁。潘季驯虽以治河显,而所治皆有治迹,所到之处均有能声,为明一代能臣。
[Abstract]:Pan Jixun, good words, mark Sichuan, Wu Cheng (now Zhejiang Huzhou) people. Pan Ji Xun Jiajing gengxu Jinshi, the official governor of river, the department minister and official pan Sagong. < > seven is the Pan Jixun memorial to the throne, engaged in administrative activities of the assembly to represent his political career, the pan. > Sagong memorial to the throne by his son Pan Dafu home during the season of Pan Dingyou presided over the funeral, from the palace wall in looking for a few more than 10 articles, a letter to the court of the father's memorial to the throne published all seven volumes. This paper from the point of view, a brief description of Pan Ji Xun's family background and experience, making friends and writings a more comprehensive response, pan Ji Xun personal image, to restore a real historical figure look. Pan during the season less intelligent, seven year old rule of the spring and Autumn period, to the Jiajing twenty-eight years. Pan during the season the first test in the next year, three Jinshi. First test administration in Jiangxi served as a government official in Jiujiang, Ping Anti Liu Yun four miscarriages of justice. As Henan censor, Chadamu pan in Nandu. During the season as Guangdong censor, the fight against Japanese pirates, destroy the bandits, punishing Haifeng county magistrate Zhu Jie forced the Jieshi Wei Guanjun crisis. During the season as the pan Shun inspectors, to promote the latecomers to dry. The eunuch asked Yan Yushi in the office of prime minister River Douchayuan all right, four river, river and Prime Minister of military affairs, put forward the "embankment beam of water by water, sand attack" theory, the elimination of two rivers flood, flood control for the Ming Dynasty to Chen pan during the season. The governor of Jiangxi Province, the insurgency ningzhou pirates, donated to future generations. During the season of Pan Ze embankment as Nanjing bingbushangshu, on the rule of law is not a compromise brocken painting. Because of the fourth river concept and the court or not, Pan Jixun returned to his hometown dismissed Wu Cheng county to build a bridge, so that its people. Wanli twenty-three years, 75 year old pan Ji Xun died at home, buried at three pier. At the same time Pan Jixun, as a senior feudal officials and scholars, has a wide circle of friends, there are political, literary circles also have interests with Jiangnan friend. From < < > Pan Sagong Coushu, on the list > and < > left Tang letters and other writings, we can see that during the season with the famous pan Wang Shizhen, Wang Shimao, Yu Shenxing, Wan Gong, Li Qian, Lingyun wing, Deng Zilong et al are closely linked. Pan Sagong recorded in the seven volume > Coushu, < > kushu volume fifty-five, history eleven, Pan Jixun Dahir memorials, is engaged in the compilation of memorial to the throne of government activities, is representative of his political career for the book by Pan Dafu. In a letter to the court of the father was Dafu pan editor. Coushu 2. Pan Sagong ranking Coushu > in chronological order of Coushu, volume three < > Hyobu memorial to the throne is Pan Jixun as Nanjing Bingbu Ya men in Wanli nine years, followed by volume four < < > to the governor of Jiangxi, governor of Jiangxi Coushu > Wanli four years, arrangement and not in accordance with the order of time, the error occurred. Pan Sagong memorial to the throne in seven volumes eighty-five >, >. < Guangdong Xunan Coushu Coushu volumes, a total of eleven Coushu; Hyobu < > Memorial to the throne two volumes, a total of twelve articles played sparse the governor of Jiangxi; < > memorial to the throne two volumes, a total of twenty-eight Coushu; < Jiangxi > two governors memorial to the throne volumes, a total of thirty-four articles. Pan Sagong > to Coushu Coushu suggestions of government affairs, impeachment, recommend talents as the main content, narrative forms, it is based on facts, discussion analysis, through quoting history, ancient and modern to success examples to enhance the appeal of discussion, finally puts forward the countermeasures and solutions in order of time. Pan Sagong > things clear; to the throne, with Yu Yee in Syria, on the combination of Syria; embody the supreme imperial power. Taking into account the livelihood of the main pan Sagong main contents including the pan > Coushu during the season title The governor of Guangdong, Jiangxi, and the office of the Nanjing governor Bingbu, aimed at solving measures and methods proposed. Time during the season to steal pan Ping Wo outstanding achievements, the analysis of Guangdong, Jiangxi. Many bandits from the geographical position, the remote areas of Guangdong, Jiangxi mountain; bandit with Japanese patients taking advantage of the local officials; incompetent, even favoritism, can not effectively perform their duties to protect the environment at the same time min; bandit by natural disasters and folk influence. In view of the above reasons, Pan Jixun proposed "careful selection of local officials and voters" and appointed, in the military through military action to destroy the pirates and bandits; through the establishment of political the county seat, Bao Jia system, the establishment of Wei, abolish all unreasonable taxation and other measures; advocate the development of education in education, refinement, to enlighten the people. During the season in the pan Nanjing Hyobu reform, from the food industry cut leather Archer The expenditure to enrich more in name than in reality, camp, measured land, the city guard, were raised as option, margin and other measures to enhance Nanjing city defense forces, clean up the Treasury, check the official cut leather straight silver, reduce the court costs. Pan Ji Xun official selection, recommend officials thought has its unique concept of employment. In selecting and appointing officials, especially scholars, use, due to the people, to retain, recommend, appraisal, rewards and punishment to punish officials. The governor of Jiangxi pan during the season, for the Jiangxi area economy is backward, people living in poverty in social situations. Pan Ji Xun recommended to the court in the Jiangxi area to cast coins, layout in coin money matters. The Council will be responsible, earnest, plan on quantity, amount of money the old cast, melted recast old money receiving measures such as the development of Jiangxi economy, convenience and benefit. Pan Sagong > is a personal pan Ji of Coushu for ideological political career training Think of a very important book, with great literature value. A pan during the season of life, justice and integrity; integrity of officials, is awe inspiring, thoughtful, upright and outspoken ability; administration; for the people of the country, Jugongjincui. Although pan during the season to the river and treatment are significant, to trace, everywhere both can sound, Ming generation nengchen.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248
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本文编号：1577579