唐代医生研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:05

本文选题：唐朝　切入点：医学教育　出处：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国是一个历史悠久的国家,是世界四大文明古国之一,传统文化璀璨夺目,中医学即是其中一颗耀眼的珍珠。在中国古代社会,有唐一代是封建社会发展的全盛时期,政治、经济、文化都得到了充分的发展并且达到了前所未有的高度。统治阶级重视医药卫生事业的发展,官方医药机构规模宏大、制度完善,在中央设有太医署、药藏局等,历史上第一次把医学教育从中央推广到地方,形成了遍布全国的医学教育系统。唐朝政府还制定了严格的医学人才选拔制度,医事制度在当时世界处于遥遥领先的地位,并且在民间建立了相对完善的医疗体系。因为医疗水平关系国计民生,所以唐代社会先进医疗体系的建立对中华民族的健康发展做出了贡献,同时使得医学发展迅速,与国外的交流也更加广泛,所有这些成果的取得是离不开医生这个群体的积极参与的。医生作为掌握医药卫生知识、从事疾病预防和治疗的专业人员,是社会生活中一组特定的人群。本文将有医疗活动和医疗事迹的人,均作为研究对象。全文从以下三个方面来展开。第一部分主要考察唐代医学教育、医学考试和奖惩等方面以展现唐代医事制度。唐朝从中央到地方形成了比较完整的医学教育体系。在科举制度影响下的唐代医学人才考试、选拔与考核如“国子监法”及仿效“明经”、“明法”的规定,反映了唐朝对医学人才的重视。而医学教育中针对不同专业的不同学制以及灵活学制,包括旬试、月试、岁终试和毕业试的考试制度,体现了医学教育的严格和灵活,唐代政府很好地把握了医学教育的特点。医学人才的选拔有生徒、制举、贡举和待诏几种方式,体现了人才选拔的多样性,而对医生的奖惩也相当严格。这些方面对后世产生了积极的影响。第二部分系统介绍唐代医生的基本状况,包括唐代医生的基本构成、医生的角色、学医方式及地位等几个方面,力求把握唐代医生的总体面貌。唐代与医学有关的人物根据史料可大致分为三类：一是可以明确为医生者；是有医学著作但不明确其是否行医；一是精医理,但不以行医为职业。从其具体身份和角色来看,医生又分为官医、民医、道医和僧医以及文仕通医者。习医的方式包括家传、师授、自习或上官方医学校这四种方式之一或兼其-二。在唐代空前繁荣和开放的环境下,医学确有不少进步,医学教育比前代更完善,医生数量更合理,地位也有所提高。但是医学领域的盛况相较于其它文化领域的空前盛况而言‘,还是不能同日而语,这一现象值得我们深思。第三部分重点分析唐朝文仕通医现象。文人士大夫对医学产生浓厚兴趣,对中医学的发展做出贡献。唐代文仕将前代及唐当代的医学临床经验进行积累并达到了前所未有的高度,这为后世医学理论的突破提供了技术上的积累。同时,唐代文仕对医学的爱好程度与魏晋时期文仕对医学避之唯恐不及的态度形成了鲜明的对比,为宋代及以后儒医阶层的崛起奠定了基础,从而也为后世医学理论的突破性发展提供了人才储备。儒医阶层的崛起使得医学及医生的社会地位发生了鲜为人知的变化。总之,唐代的官方医疗机构、医学教育、医疗制度、官医、民医及文仕通医等方面虽都有局限性,但我们也不能否定整个唐代对中国传统医学的作用、贡献,更不能轻视中国医学。
[Abstract]:China is a country with a long history, is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, the traditional culture of dazzling, traditional Chinese medicine is one of a dazzling pearl.
China in ancient society, the Tang Dynasty is the heyday of the development of the feudal society, politics, economy, culture has been fully developed and reached a hitherto unknown height. The ruling class attaches great importance to the development of medical and health care institutions, medical official scale, perfect the system, in a central department of Imperial, drug possession Bureau etc., the first time in the history of medical education from the central to local promotion, the formation of the medical education system throughout the country. The government has also developed a strict medical personnel selection system, medical system ahead of the position at that time in the world, and established a relatively perfect medical system in the private sector. Because the level of medical relationship beneficial to the people's livelihood. So the establishment of the Tang Dynasty society advanced medical system for the healthy development of the Chinese nation has contributed to the rapid development of medicine, and foreign exchange is more extensive, all These achievements are cannot do without the active participation of this group of doctor. The doctor as a master of health knowledge, engaged in disease prevention and treatment professionals, is a specific group of people in social life. This paper will have medical activities and medical deeds of the people, as the research object.
This paper from the following three aspects. The first part mainly discusses the Tang Dynasty medical education, medical examination and rewards to show the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty medical system formed a relatively complete system of medical education from the central to the local. In the Tang Dynasty imperial examination system under the influence of medical personnel selection and assessment test, such as "imperial law" and follow the "Ming", "Ming", the Tang Dynasty reflects the importance of medical personnel and medical education. According to the different structure of different professional and flexible educational system, including the ten month trial, trial, final test and graduation examination examination system, medical education embodies the strict and flexible, the Tang Dynasty government a good grasp of the characteristics of medical education. The selection of medical personnel with pupils, Zhiju, Gongju and Daizhao in several ways, reflecting the diversity of personnel selection, and the doctor's reward is quite strict. These aspects of Later generations have a positive impact.
The second part introduces the basic situation of Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty consists of doctor, doctor, doctor role, medicine and status and other aspects, and strive to grasp the overall appearance of the Tang Dynasty. The doctors and medical related characters of Tang Dynasty according to the historical data can be roughly divided into three categories: one is clear for the doctor who is a medicine; but it is not clear whether the doctor works; a fine medical knowledge, but not for the occupation in practice. From the specific identity and the role of the doctor, and divided into official medicine, medicine and medical people, as well as the Blackstone monk medicine healer. Studying medicine including family, teacher to teach, or one of the official medical study this school in four ways and the - two. In an unprecedented prosperous and open environment of the Tang Dynasty, there are a lot of medical progress, medical education is more perfect than the previous generation, the number of doctors is more reasonable, the position is also improved. But compared to other medical field event This phenomenon deserves our deep thought.
The third part focuses on the analysis of the Tang Dynasty stone medicine. Literati interested in medicine, contribute to the development of Chinese medicine. The medical clinical experience of Shi Tang Tang Contemporary the previous generation and accumulation and reached a hitherto unknown height, which provides the technical accumulation for future generations of medical theory breakthrough. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty Shi on medical hobby degree and the formation of the Wei and Jin Dynasties Shi for medical shunned attitude in stark contrast to the rise of Chinese class in Song Dynasty and later laid the foundation, and also provide talent reserves for later generations of medical theory breakthrough development. The rise of traditional Chinese medicine and the doctor makes the class the social status of the lesser known changes.
In short, the Tang Dynasty official medical institutions, medical education, medical system, medical officer, civil medicine and medicine is what scholar studies have limitations, but we cannot deny the role of traditional medicine, the Tang Dynasty China contribution, not ignore Chinese medicine.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R-092;K242

【参考文献】