从吴禄贞《经营蒙古条议》看清末东蒙古地区的新政改革

发布时间：2018-03-07 04:17

本文选题：蒙古新政　切入点：经营蒙古条议　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：清末蒙古新政是清末新政的重要组成部分。为了顺利推行蒙古新政,清廷特意派遣肃亲王善耆及其随从吴禄贞等前往东蒙古地区进行调查。那么,这一行收获了哪些改革建议?对这些建议应如何分析?这些建议被清廷采纳与否?东蒙古地区新政有何历史启示?为此,笔者以清末宪政改革为研究视角,以吴禄贞《经营蒙古条议》为研究材料,综合运用文献研究法、比较研究法等多种研究方法,考察东蒙古地区的新政改革问题,突出在清末整个中国推行新政的大背景之下,民族地区的新政所具有的普遍性与特殊性。本文在结构上共分五部分。第一章介绍《经营蒙古条议》的写作背景和主要内容。指出,在清末东蒙古地区内政不修、外患频来和清廷理藩政策出现危机的情形下,吴禄贞慧眼独具地从改革封建王公制度、黄教制度和行政管理体制三方面提出切中蒙地时弊的建议。第二章阐述东蒙古地区的封建王公制度及其改革。梳理王公制度从合理到腐朽的历程,指出王公制度违反废除等级划分和解除人身依附的宪政要求,对比美国解放黑人奴隶的历史实践分析了吴禄贞改革台吉办法和限制奴隶办法的建议并对其进行客观评价。第三章阐述东蒙古地区的黄教制度及其改革。介绍黄教在蒙地的盛行及其弊端,指出黄教严重削弱了蒙民的战斗力、经济力和文化力。从兴办教育和变通对喇嘛之规定两方面介绍吴禄贞的改革建议,并分别将其与清末教育改革中提出的“统一事权”思想和十五、十六世纪德意志改革天主教教令思想进行类比分析。第四章阐述东蒙古地区的行政管理体制及其改革。梳理该地区行政管理体制从盟旗制到旗县并存制的历史演变,指出两种体制无法集中蒙古全部力量抵御外侮的弊端。从给予主事者非常之权和行军法之治两方面介绍吴禄贞的改革建议,并结合清末预备立宪中相关思想进行类比分析。第五章阐述《经营蒙古条议》对清末东蒙古地区新政的影响。指出吴禄贞在改革东蒙古地区的封建王公制度、黄教制度和行政管理体制方面的建议均未被清廷采纳并分析其原因。清末东蒙古地区的新政同整个王朝推行的预备立宪一样是清廷一种自上而下的救亡图存运动。这从根本上决定了清廷不可能接受吴禄贞《经营蒙古条议》所提出的带有保障人权色彩的新政措施。尽管如此,清末蒙古新政所体现出的注重调查研究的实证精神,民族地区改革的必然性和改革道路的曲折性,改革措施的渐进性和因地制宜性等等都为今天民族地区的改革提供了历史经验。
[Abstract]:The Mongolian New deal of the late Qing Dynasty is an important part of the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty. In order to carry out the New deal of Mongolia successfully, the Qing government specially sent Su-Prince Shan-qi and his entourage, Wu Luzhen, to investigate the area of East Mongolia. How should these recommendations be analysed? Were these suggestions accepted by the Qing government? What is the historical enlightenment of the New deal in East Mongolia? Therefore, from the perspective of constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty, taking Wu Luzhen's "Management of Mongolia" as the research material, the author comprehensively applies the literature research method and the comparative research method to investigate the New deal Reform in East Mongolia. Under the background of the implementation of the New deal in China in the late Qing Dynasty, the New deal in ethnic areas has its universality and particularity. This paper is divided into five parts in structure. Chapter one introduces the writing background and main contents of "Management of Mongolia". It is pointed out that in the late Qing Dynasty, the internal affairs of East Mongolia were not repaired, and the frequent occurrence of foreign affairs and the crisis of the Qing Dynasty's policy of managing Mongolia were pointed out. Wu Luzhen made some suggestions from three aspects: the reform of the feudal Wang Gong system, the yellow religion system and the administrative management system. The second chapter expounds the feudal princes system and its reform in East Mongolia, combs the process from reasonable to decadent, and points out that the monarch system violates the constitutional requirements of abolishing the division of hierarchy and releasing personal attachment. By comparing the historical practice of liberating black slaves in the United States, this paper analyzes Wu Luzhen's suggestion of reforming Taiji method and restricting slavery method, and makes an objective evaluation on them. The third chapter expounds the yellow religion system and its reform in East Mongolia, introduces the prevalence and malpractice of yellow religion in Mongolia, and points out that yellow religion seriously weakens the combat effectiveness of Mongolian people. This paper introduces Wu Luzhen's reform proposals from the aspects of setting up education and accommodating the regulations on the Lama, and compares it with the idea of "unified administration" put forward in the educational reform at the end of Qing Dynasty and the idea of "unified power" and 15, respectively. In 16th century, Germany carried out an analogical analysis of the idea of reforming the Catholic order. Chapter 4th expounds the administrative management system and its reform in East Mongolia region, combing the historical evolution of the administrative management system in this region from the system of alliance and flag to the system of co-existence of flag and county. It is pointed out that the two systems can not concentrate all Mongolian forces to resist the abuse of foreign aggression. This paper introduces Wu Luzhen's reform proposals from the aspects of giving the superintendent extraordinary power and the rule of marching law, and carries out an analogical analysis combining with the relevant thoughts in the preparation of the constitution in the late Qing Dynasty. Chapter 5th expounds the influence of "Management of Mongolia" on the New deal in East Mongolia in the late Qing Dynasty. It is pointed out that Wu Luzhen is reforming the feudal monarch system in East Mongolia. The suggestions of yellow religion system and administrative system were not adopted and analyzed by the Qing government. The New deal in East Mongolia in the late Qing Dynasty, like the preparatory constitutionalism carried out by the whole dynasty, was a top-down movement to save the nation from the dead. This fundamentally determined that the Qing Dynasty could not accept the proposal of Wu Luzhen, "Managing Mongolia". New measures with the color of human rights protection. Nevertheless, In the late Qing Dynasty, the Mongolian New deal embodied the positive spirit of paying attention to investigation and research, the inevitability of the reform in ethnic areas and the tortuous nature of the reform path. The gradual nature of reform measures and adaptation to local conditions and so on have provided historical experience for the reform of ethnic areas today.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249;D691

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