魏晋隋唐时期山东盐业研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 08:58

本文选题：魏晋隋唐 + 山东地区　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：盐作为“国之大宝”,在历史上扮演者十分重要的角色:一方面它是最基础的生活必需品;另一方面,政府可以通过它攫取高昂盐利,因此历来受到王朝统治者的重视,并通过各种措施对盐加以控制。山东地区自古为产盐之地,该地区盐业一方面受到到政府管理,从而带来利益的同时,另一方面也在影响着本地经济发展及社会文化。魏晋隋唐五代时期这一历史时段的特点为:分裂、统一、再分裂,盐业因这一社会状态的特殊性受到影响,从而与盐业相关的国家政策也呈现出不同特点。与山东盐业相关的各个环节领域也体现着不同特点。本文共分为五章,以专题为纲、时间为序,分别对相关的山东盐业专题展开探讨。文章第一章主要介绍了从魏晋南北朝至隋唐五代时期的盐业相关政策。魏晋时期因为社会的动乱,统治山东地区的各政权所推行的的盐政时兴时废,无法统一,但看似混乱的背后,实质围绕统治者的利益驱策。并从中总结出该时期的盐政特点:各政权对盐政的高度重视、盐政的频繁变动,以及官营与私营的长期并存。唐代实行榷盐制(对食盐完全专卖),同时在此基础上实行食盐划界。随着政府不断的进行盐政改革,盐法变得愈发严苛,但也收到了巨大盐利作为回报。五代盐法沿用唐代的专卖制度,对食盐专卖的控制越来越苛刻。第二章主要介绍了山东地区的主要产盐之地以及海盐的生产技术。山东主要的盐产地主要集中在棣州、青州、莱州、登州地区(即今环渤海区域),并详细介绍了当时的劳动人民如何生产制作食盐的技术。第三章是文章重点论述的一章,主要探讨山东地区的海盐运销。魏晋时期因统治阶层利益需要,已因盐利驱使而重视运输通道的修缮工作。刘晏改革榷盐法之后,食盐的运销方式由官运官销变为商运商销(即就场专卖),在此基础上,政府推行了食盐划界制度,在这种政策下,山东地区食盐运销主要依托于运盐河道的运输与中转、已开放的海上航道以及陆上行盐,并通过这三种基本的运销网络形式,一方面将食盐在本地消化,另一方面将食盐运往相邻销售地。并尝试探讨该时期山东海盐流向问题。第四章主要介绍唐代私盐问题,目前学术界关于唐代私盐问题的研究,多集中于池盐走私,而专门针对山东地区私盐问题研究并不多见。唐后期,随着第五琦实行榷盐法,私盐问题逐渐加重。山东自古为产盐之地,安史之乱后长时间为藩镇节制,在整个国家私盐泛滥的大环境下,食盐走私无可避免,甚至相当严重。山东地区私盐泛滥的原因有诸多方面,除了宏观供给不均衡之外,微观原因主要为巡院功能的减弱、淄青节镇政策施行与政府盐法政令不一以及小铺粜盐不举。私盐泛滥一方面影响了当地社会稳定与盐利收入,另一方面则是一种对百姓生活不自觉的救济与补偿。文章最后一章阐述魏晋隋唐时期山东盐业与社会层面的关系:门阀士族与盐政的互动关系、藩镇与中央争夺盐利以及官商民围绕盐利而呈现的相互之间的关系。并由此得出结论:无论哪一阶层间的合作与争斗,最终牺牲的是普通百姓利益。文中制作或者引用了图表、地图,为更清晰直观的反映文章所述的相关问题。总之,在力求说明白问题的前提下,能够适当分析史实反映的社会状态。
[Abstract]:Salt, as the "great treasure of the country", plays a very important role in history: on the one hand it is the basic necessities of life; on the other hand, the government can grab high salt through it, so it has always been paid attention to by the rulers of the Dynasty and control of salt through various measures. In Shandong, the salt industry in the region from ancient times, the salt industry in the region. On the one hand, it has been managed by the government to bring benefits, on the other hand, it also affects the local economic development and social culture. The characteristics of this period in the period of the Wei, Jin and Sui and Tang Dynasties and the Five Dynasties are divided, unified, and then split, and the salt industry is affected by the particularity of this social state, thus the national policies related to the salt industry are also presented. Different characteristics. The various links related to the salt industry in Shandong also reflect different characteristics. This article is divided into five chapters. This article is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the related policies of salt industry from the Wei, Jin, the northern and Southern Dynasties to the Five Dynasties in the Sui and Tang Dynasties are mainly introduced in the first chapter. The salt policy, which ruled by the political power of the Shandong region, was not unified, but it seemed to be in the back of the state, but the essence of the government was driven by the interests of the rulers. From it, the characteristics of salt administration were summed up in this period: the high attention to the salt administration, the frequent change of salt administration and the long-term coexistence of the government camp and the private sector. Salt (salt completely monopolized the salt), and on this basis, the salt delimitation was carried out on this basis. As the government continued to carry out the salt policy reform, the salt law became more severe, but also received huge salt as a return. The five generation of salt law followed the Tang Dynasty monopoly system, the more stringent control of the salt monopoly. The second chapter mainly introduced the owners of the Shandong region. The main salt producing landlords in Shandong should be concentrated in di Zhou, Qingzhou, Laizhou and Dengzhou region (that is, today's Bohai region). The third chapter is a chapter mainly discussed in the article, mainly discussing the sea salt transportation and marketing in the Shandong area. On the basis of the reform of the salt law, the government carried out the salt delimitation system. Under this policy, the salt transportation and marketing of Shandong region is mainly supported by the salt transportation and marketing system. The transportation and transfer of the salt channel, the open sea channel and the land line salt, and through these three basic forms of transportation network, on the one hand, the salt is digested locally and the salt is transported to the neighboring selling place on the other. In the fourth chapter, the problem of salt private salt in the Tang Dynasty is mainly introduced, and the current scholarship is introduced. The research on the problem of private salt in the Tang Dynasty was concentrated on the smuggling of salt in the pond, but the study of private salt in Shandong was not much. In the late Tang Dynasty, with the practice of salt in the Tang Dynasty, the problem of private salt was gradually aggravated. Shandong was a place of salt production since ancient times. The long time after the chaos of Anshi was controlled by the vassal Town, under the great environment of the whole country's private salt flooding. There are many reasons for the smuggling of salt. There are many reasons for the overflow of private salt in Shandong. In addition to the imbalance of the macro supply, the main reasons are the weakening of the function of the patrol hospital, the policy of Ziqing Festival and the indifference of the government salt law and the salt of the small shops. Salt income, on the other hand, is a kind of relief and compensation for the people's life unconsciously. In the last chapter, the relationship between the salt industry of Shandong and the social level in the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties: the relationship between the salty and the salt government, the relationship between the Fan town and the central government for the salt benefit and the salt benefit of the officials and businessmen. Conclusion: no matter the cooperation and struggle between the classes, the ultimate sacrifice is the interests of the common people. The paper makes or quotes charts and maps to reflect the related issues clearly and intuitively. In a word, the social state reflecting the historical facts can be properly analyzed on the premise of trying to understand the problems.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K23

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