明代漕河夫役研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 10:35

本文选题：明代 + 漕河夫役　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：漕河夫役按照其分工的不同分为不同的种类，主要有浅铺夫、捞浅夫、闸夫、坝夫、溜夫、洪夫、泉夫、塘夫、湖夫几种。漕河夫役不同的役种在空间分布上有很大的地域性。漕河夫役不仅是一个人群组织，也是一个制度概念，有其独特的运行机制。从来源上讲，漕河夫役主要来源于运河沿线的61州县，夫役的承担着主要是民户以及部分卫所军户，国家兴举大役时也会使用一些流民和囚犯充当夫役。夫役的征调方式主要有三种，分别是徭夫、募夫、白夫。其中徭夫在明初最为常用，随着国家赋役制度的改革，徭夫逐渐向募夫过渡，特别是一条鞭法实行后，，漕河夫役理论上完全由国家征银募夫。漕河役夫人数众多，其基层组织主要有三种类型，分别是老人负责制、总甲小甲负责制、闸官直接负责制。漕河的维护与治理是一项极辛苦的工作，工作时间长，环境差，待遇低，风险高。夫役在辛苦工作之后，国家作为交换，首先会免除役夫的其它杂役，使其专事河道，同事给予相应的工食银及赏钱，有时也会在生活上给予路费补贴及医药保障。漕河夫役作为漕河治理与维护的主力军，在保障漕河运道畅通，稳定国家政治经济秩序上起到了重要的作用。漕河的治理吸收了大批闲散剩余劳动力，解决了很大一部分人的就业问题，为沿河贫民、无业游民及灾民提供了一条谋生之道，既起到了以工代赈的作用，也有利于社会秩序的稳定。漕河夫役从征调到应役，中间经过多个环节，在征调和管理的过程中出现了不少的问题，主要有放富差贫，占役现象严重、有违农时影响农业生产、役夫出逃等问题。明朝中后期，沿河州县受困于河役，百姓苦不堪言，影响了社会秩序的稳定。
[Abstract]:Caohe Fu is divided into different types according to its division of labor, mainly shallow paving, fishing shallow, sluice, dam, walking, Hongfu, Quanfu, Tong Fu, Hu Fu several kinds. The spatial distribution of different serpent species in Caohe River is very regional. Caohe military service is not only a crowd organization, but also a system concept. From the source, the army service of Caohe mainly comes from 61 states and counties along the canal, the burden of husband service is mainly the civilian families and some of the guard families, and some displaced people and prisoners will be used as husband servitude when the state exuding the Great War. There are three main ways of conscription, namely, keeping taxes, recruiting, and white. In the early Ming Dynasty, tax service was the most commonly used. With the reform of the national tax service system, the tax service husband gradually transferred to the recruitment of husband, especially after the implementation of the "one whip law", Caohe Fu's service was completely collected by the state in theory. There are many caohe servists, and there are three main types of organizations in Caohe, which are the old man responsibility system, the general responsibility system and the direct responsibility system. Caohe maintenance and management is a very hard work, long working hours, poor environment, low treatment, high risk. After hard work, the state, as an exchange, will first of all exempt the servitude from other miscellaneous servitude, so that they can specialize in the river, and their colleagues will give the corresponding workers, food, silver and money, and sometimes they will give subsidies and medical protection in their daily lives. As the main force of Caohe River management and maintenance, Caohe military service plays an important role in ensuring the smooth passage of Caohe River and stabilizing the political and economic order of the country. The management of the Caohe River has absorbed a large number of idle and surplus labor forces, solved the employment problem of a large part of the population, and provided a way of livelihood for the poor, the unemployed and the victims along the river, which has played a role in providing relief for work. It is also conducive to the stability of social order. In the process of collection and management, there are many problems in the process of collecting and managing Caohe's husband's service, such as poor wealth, serious military service, affecting agricultural production when violating agriculture and escaping from labor and so on, among which many problems have appeared in the process of collection and management of Caohe's husband's servitude from conscription to service. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Yanhe County was trapped in river service, and the people suffered, which affected the stability of social order.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K248

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